程长庚与“三国戏”:基于京剧艺人口述史料的考察  

CHENG Changgeng and the Operas Themed with Three Kingdoms:An Exploration of Historical Materials Orally Narrated by Peking Opera Artists

作　　者：欧阳梦霞 OU-YANG Mengxia(School of Huangmei Opera,Anqing Normal University,Anqing,Anhui 246011,China)

机构地区：[1]安庆师范大学黄梅剧艺术学院,安徽安庆246011

出　　处：《贵州大学学报(艺术版)》2025年第1期74-82,共9页Journal of Guizhou University Art Edition

基　　金：2024年安徽省高校创新团队项目“‘大黄山’戏曲文化资源保护传承”。

摘　　要：程长庚作为京剧奠基者之一,在“三国戏”的创作、演绎与传承中具有举足轻重的地位。他通过主持三庆班,推动了“三国戏”的系统化创排与表演实践,确立了这一类剧目在京剧舞台上的核心地位。在程长庚的领导下,三庆班排演了《捉放曹》《荐诸葛》《三气周瑜》《取成都》等多部“三国戏”,涵盖了多个重要的历史故事和人物。这些剧目不仅展示了程长庚对“三国戏”的贡献,还体现了他在老生角色演绎上的独特风格与艺术影响。在关公戏中,程长庚继承并创新了米喜子的表演技法,成功塑造了威严庄重的关公形象,同时对脸谱设计和表演风格的规范化,奠定了京剧红生行当的重要基础。程长庚与卢胜奎、徐小香等名伶的合作,进一步推动了“三国戏”表演的创新与传承。程长庚不仅强化了“三国戏”在京剧中的艺术地位,还为后世的“三国戏”表演提供了宝贵的艺术规范和表演范本。As one of the founders of Peking Opera,CHENG Changgeng holds a crucial position in the creation,interpretation and inheritance of the operas themed with Three Kingdoms.By leading Sanqing Troupe,he promoted the systematic creation and performance of these operas,establishing their core status on the Peking Opera stage.Under his leadership,Sanqing Troupe performed multiple operas themed with Three Kingdoms,including Capturing CAO Cao(Zhuo-fang CAO),Recommending ZHU-GE Liang(Jian ZHU-GE),Three Visits to Zhou Yu(San-qi ZHOU-Yu),and Taking Chengdu(Qu Chengdu),covering various important historical stories and characters.These operas not only showcase CHENG Changgeng’s contributions to operas based on Three Kingdoms but also reflect his unique style and artistic influence on the character portrayal of Laosheng(the elderly male character in Chinese operas).In the portrayal of GUAN Yu,CHENG Changgeng inherited and made innovations concerning the performance techniques of MI Xizi,successfully shaping the dignified and imposing image of GUAN Yu.He also laid a significant foundation for the standardization of the facial make-up design and performance style of Hongsheng(male character with red facial make-up in Chinese operas)in Peking Opera.CHENG Changgeng’s collaborations with famous performers such as LU Shengkui and XU Xiaoxiang further advanced the innovation and inheritance of opera performances themed with Three Kingdoms.Through these contributions,CHENG Changgeng not only strengthened the artistic status of these operas within Peking Opera but also provided valuable artistic norms and performance models for future opera performances of Three Kingdoms.

关 键 词：程长庚 “三国戏” 京剧艺人 口述史料 

分 类 号：J821[艺术—戏剧戏曲]