当事人刑事鉴定申请权研究  

Analyzing the Right of the Parties to Apply for Criminal Appraisal

作　　者：赵晏民 洪浩[1] Zhao Yanmin;Hong Hao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2025年第1期125-138,共14页Law and Modernization

摘　　要：程序法视角中,当事人刑事鉴定申请权“虚化”的根源在于相关刑事程序架构的不完备。在效率优先的价值指引下,“司法主导”的刑事程序架构相对忽视当事人权益保障的公正性考量,以致衍生一系列不利于当事人行使刑事鉴定申请权的制度障碍。理论上整体分离的倡议虽然有助于化解犯罪侦查前端的自我审查障碍,但是当事人鉴定权将因此失去司法权的“背书”,并在证据采信环节再度“虚化”。对此制度设计者应当秉持有限分离的立场,将侦查办案部门的鉴定申请审查权移转至上级公安机关鉴定机构,通过审查权的“错配”来解决这一问题。同时,还需完善当事人刑事鉴定申请权保障体系,针对权利行使的制度障碍予以特别的程序保障,以破解鉴定申请中当事人证明能力不足以及司法机关裁量权不受规制的实践难题。From the perspective of procedural law,the“hollowing out”of the parties'right to apply for criminal appraisal originates from the incompleteness of the criminal procedure framework.Under the value guidance of prioritizing efficiency,the“judicially dominated”criminal procedure framework relatively neglects the fairness considerations of safeguarding the parties'rights,leading to a series of institutional barriers that hinder the effective exercise of the right to apply for criminal appraisal.Although the theoretical proposal for overall separation may help resolve the selfexamination obstacles at the front end of criminal investigations,it would cause the parties'appraisal rights to lose the“endorsement”of judicial authority,thus becoming“hollowed out”again in the evidence collection phase.In response,system designers should adopt a position of limited separation,transferring the authority to review the appraisal application from the investigative department to the superior public security agency's appraisal institution,using this“misallocation”of review authority to address the issue.Furthermore,the system for safeguarding the parties'right to apply for criminal appraisal should be improved,providing special procedural protections to overcome institutional obstacles to the exercise of the right and addressing practical issues such as the parties'insufficient ability to prove their case and the unregulated discretion of judicial organs in adjudicating appraisal applications.

关 键 词：司法鉴定 申请权 鉴定启动 侦鉴分离 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]