庭审实质化改革中人证调查程序的实践检视  

An Empirical Review of Witness Survey Procedure in the Reform of Making Criminal Trials Substantive

作　　者：李文军 Li Wenjun

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学人权研究院 [2]西南政法大学刑事检察研究中心

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2025年第1期71-93,共23页Local Legislation Journal

基　　金：2022年重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究规划项目“刑事庭审调查改革落实证人出庭作证制度研究”(22SKGH046)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：庭审实质化改革对人证调查程序的优化,有助于增加关键人证出庭数量、增强控辩双方的对抗性、规范调查方法与异议处理,但这些操作规范与理想化的人证调查程序之间仍存在相当距离。司法实践中刑事庭审人证调查存在的问题有:辩方人证出庭偏少,法院采纳辩方意见有限;合议庭很少支持辩护人请求传唤争议人证出庭接受质询;绝对禁止诱导询问规定成为公诉方阻止辩方律师对人证进行有效询问的常用手段,而辩护方对公诉方人证调查不当询问的当庭异议却很少受到重视。因此,有必要从以下几个方面继续推进人证调查程序改革:转变以讯问被告人为主的证据审查方式,解决参与庭审调查主体角色的多元性冲突;确保有争议人证出庭接受控辩双方的质询,采取以人证调查为主线并根据查明案件事实需要灵活出示实物证据的审理方式;完善裁判者的人证调查异议决定权和证据调查控制权,优化控辩双方在庭审调查过程中的对抗性规则。The optimization of the witness investigation procedure by making criminal trials substantive helps increase the number of key witnesses appearing in court,enhance the adversarial nature of the prosecution and the defense,and standardize investigation methods and objection handling.However,there is still a considerable distance between these operational norms and the idealized witness investigation procedure.In judicial practice,there are some problems in the witness investigation in criminal trials:(1)the number of defense witnesses who appear in court is limited,and the court does not substantially adopt the defense's opinions;(2)when the defense lawyers request the court to summon the disputed witnesses to appear in court for questioning,it is difficult to get the support of the collegial panel;(3)the absolute prohibition of induced questioning has become a common means for the public prosecutor to prevent the defense lawyer from conducting effective questioning of witnesses;and(4)the defense's objection to the improper questioning of the public prosecutor's witness survey in court is rarely taken seriously.Therefore,it is necessary to continue to promote the reform of witness investigation procedure from the following aspects:changing the evidence review method that is mainly based on questioning the defendant,and resolving the conflicts in the diversity of the roles of the subjects involved in the trial investigation;ensuring that controversial witnesses appear in court to accept questioning by both the prosecution and the defense,and adopting a trial method that focuses on witness survey and flexibly presents physical evidence based on the need to ascertain the facts of the case;improving the judge's power to decide on objections to witness survey and to control over evidence investigations,and optimizing the adversarial rules between the prosecution and the defense during the trial investigation process.

关 键 词：庭审实质化 人证调查 司法改革 三项规程 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]