医疗费用快速增长的原因研究  

Exploring the Reasons for the Rapid Growth of Medical Expenses

作　　者：李卿璞 李正旺 LI Qingpu;LI Zhengwang(School of Economics,Wuhan Textile University,Wuhan 430200,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉纺织大学经济学院,湖北武汉430200

出　　处：《商业观察》2025年第2期92-96,109,共6页BUSINESS OBSERVATION

摘　　要：在我国,医疗费用的增长与医疗保障体系的不断发展紧密相连。从计划经济时期的城市公费医疗、劳保医疗和农村合作医疗,到改革开放后的城镇居民基本医疗保险与新型农村合作医疗,直到2009年医改以来逐步构建起覆盖城乡居民“四位一体”基本医疗卫生制度,中国实现了全民医保覆盖。但医疗保障体系的完善伴随着巨额的财政支出,其增长速度超过了GDP的增长。在国际上,医疗费用增长也是各国面临的共同难题。世界银行数据显示,2000—2017年世界各国人均医疗费用大幅增长。美国医疗费用支出庞大但医保覆盖范围有限且健康绩效不佳;OECD成员国药品费用占比各异,我国比重相对较高。因此,深入探究医疗费用快速增长背后的原因对于制定合理医疗政策、优化资源配置和保障民众健康权益意义重大。In China,the growth of medical expenses is closely tied to the continuous development of the medical security system.Starting from urban public-funded medical care,labor-protection medical care in the planned-economy era and rural cooperative medical care,then moving on to the basic medical insurance for urban residents and the new rural cooperative medical care after the reform and opening-up,and finally to the"four-in-one"basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural residents which has been gradually established since the medical reform in 2009,China has achieved universal health insurance coverage.However,the improvement of the medical security system comes with huge fiscal expenditures,and its growth rate outpaces that of GDP.Globally,the growth of medical expenses is also a common issue for all countries.According to the World Bank data,the per-capita medical expenses in countries around the world increased substantially from 2000 to 2017.In the United States,medical expenses are enormous,yet the coverage of medical insurance is limited and the health performance is poor.Among OECD member countries,the proportion of drug expenses varies,and China has a relatively high proportion.Consequently,delving into the reasons for the rapid growth of medical expenses is of great significance for formulating reasonable medical policies,optimizing resource allocation and safeguarding the public's health rights and interests.

关 键 词：医疗费用增长 医疗保障体系 医疗制度 

分 类 号：F275[经济管理—企业管理] R197[经济管理—国民经济]