四川省主要克氏原螯虾人工养殖群体的形态学特征分析  

Analysed Morphological Characterisation of the Predominat Cultivated Procambarus clarkii Populations in Sichuan Province

作　　者：邓常雯 任莹莹 杨世勇[2] 邵乌云塔娜 杨竣淇 李云坤 杜小刚 冷大勇 冯本伟 张凯 武佳韵 DENG Changwen;REN Yingying;YANG Shiyong;SHAO Wuyuntana;YANG Junqi;LI Yunkun;DU Xiaogang;LENG Dayong;FENG Benwei;ZHANG Kai;WU Jiayun(College of Life Science,Sichuan Agricultural University,Yaan 625000,Sichuan,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Agriculture Bureau of Daying County,Suining 629300,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学生命科学学院,四川雅安625000 [2]四川农业大学动物科技学院,成都611130 [3]四川省大英县农业农村局,四川遂宁629300

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2025年第1期1-8,15,共9页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金青年基金(2022NSFSC1723);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川淡水鱼创新团队·虾鳅育种与推广研究岗位项目;大英县2023年省级财政“鱼米之乡”建设科技服务项目。

摘　　要：【目的】明晰四川省主要人工养殖克氏原螯虾群体的形态学差异,为鉴定其种质特性奠定基础。【方法】采集来自四川省6个主要养殖基地的克氏原螯虾群体的形态学数据并进行多元分析,并与来源于湖北潜江和监利原产区的2个群体进行比较。【结果】3个主成分的累积贡献率达85.229%,其较大载荷集中在大螯长、掌节长、第二步足长、第五步足长和尾肢宽等附肢及尾肢相关形态学特征。判别函数的综合判别分析准确率为68.8%。聚类分析将四川内江、大英、泸县、兴文等与湖北潜江群体聚为一支,四川南溪群体与湖北监利群体聚为一支,而四川邛崃群体单独为一支。形态学变异系数分析发现克氏原螯虾群体在头胸甲、尾肢、尾节、腹节、额剑基底、指节等方面具有较大的形态学差异,而四川群体与湖北群体在头胸甲、腹部、尾肢及螯肢特征上存在差异。【结论】四川的克氏原螯虾群体与湖北种源群体已发生形态分化,且四川不同基地的克氏原螯虾也具有一定的形态差异,集中在第一腹节、尾肢及尾节部分,但这些差异均未达到亚种水平,邛崃群体形态最为特殊,可能具有较高的育种价值。【Objective】This study aims to elucidate the morphological distinctiveness of the major artificially cultivated populations of Procambarus clarkii in Sichuan Province and lay the foundation for further genetic trait identification【.Method】Morphometric data of P.clarkii populations were collected from six major breeding bases in Sichuan Province.Multivariate statistical analysis was then performed and subsequently compared with two groups from Qianjiang and Jianli in Hubei Province.【Result】The cumulative contribution rate of the three extracted principal components reached 85.229%,with significant loading observed in appendage and uropod-related morphological traits such as cheliped length,chela length,second paraeiopod length,fifth second paraeiopod length,fifth step foot length,and uropod width.The combined accuracy of the discriminant function was 68.8%.Cluster analysis revealed that the Neijiang,Daying,Luxian,and Xingwen populations in Sichuan clustered into a single clade with Qianjiang population in Hubei,while the Nanxi population formed a clade with Jianli.The Qionglai population in Sichuan formed a distinct clade.Furthermore,morphological variation coefficient analysis highlighted significant disparities in the morphology of the carapace,uropod,tail-fan,abdominal,rostrum base,and dactyl carapace among populations of P.clarkii.Eigenvalue analysis further demonstrated notable morphological differences in the carapace,abdominal segments,and cheliped between P.clarkii populations from Hubei and Sichuan Provinces.【Conclusion】The cultivated populations of P.clarkii in Sichuan and Hubei provinces exhibit morphological divergence.Within Sichuan,morphological variations exist among populations from different aquaculture bases,primarily in first abdominal,uropod and tail-fan portion.

关 键 词：克氏原螯虾 养殖群体 形态差异 多元分析 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]