体脑混合疲劳对橄榄球运动员下肢爆发力、心率变异性的影响研究  

Research on the Effects of Physical and Mental Mixed Fatigue on Lower Limb Explosive Power and Heart Rate Variability in American Football Players

作　　者：王子龙 张秋霞[1] 卢梦雅 刘海燕[2] 薛景贤 孔翎宇 郑艳[1] 孟令越 张芷棋 WANG Zilong;ZHANG Qiuxia;LU Mengya;LIU Haiyan;XUE Jingxian;KONG Lingyu;ZHENG Yan;MENG Lingyue;ZHANG Zhiqi(Soochow University,Suzhou 215021,China;Shenyang Normal University,Shen ang 110034,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学,江苏苏州215021 [2]沈阳师范大学,辽宁沈阳110034

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2025年第2期3-13,共11页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目(2023SJZD143);辽宁省社会科学规划基金一般项目(L20BTY007);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX23_3205)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨体力疲劳(physical fatigue,PF)、脑力疲劳(mental fatigue,MF)及体脑混合疲劳(physical and mental mixed fatigue,PMF)对橄榄球运动员下肢爆发力和心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)的影响。方法:选取15名橄榄球运动员作为研究对象。采用随机交叉对照试验设计,受试者需完成PF、MF、PMF干预任务,并在每次实验后进行下肢爆发力和HRV测试。采用单因素重复测量方差分析进行统计学分析。结果:1)在跳深跳跃腾空高度指标上,PMF相较于MF显示出了更低的腾空高度(P<0.05)。2)在下蹲跳的垂直地面反作用力峰值(peak vertical ground reaction force,vGRFpeak)指标上,PF和PMF相较于基线和MF均显示出了更小的vGRFpeak(P<0.05);在跳深的vGRFpeak指标上,PMF相较于基线和MF显示出了更小的vGRFpeak(P<0.05)。3)不同疲劳方案对下蹲跳的力量发展速率具有显著差异(P<0.05),相较于基线、PF和MF,PMF显示出了更小的力量发展速率(P<0.05)。4)不同疲劳方案对跳深平均功率输出、反应力量指数和反应力量比具有显著影响(P<0.05),在平均功率输出指标上,相较于基线,PF、MF和PMF均显示出了更低的平均功率输出(P<0.05);在反应力量指数指标上,相较于基线,MF和PMF显示出了更低的反应力量指数(P<0.05);在反应力量比指标上,相较于基线,MF和PMF显示出了更低的反应力量比(P<0.05);相较于PF,MF显示出了更低的反应力量比(P<0.05)。5)不同疲劳方案对HRV的正常心跳间期的标准差(standard deviation of the normal to normal intervals,SDNN)、相邻R-R间期差值的均方根(root mean square successive difference,RMSSD)、高频(high frequency,HF)和低频(low frequency,LF)指标均有显著差异(P<0.05),相较于基线和MF,PF和PMF均显示出了更小的SDNN、RMSSD、HF和LF(P<0.05)。结论:PF、MF和PMF均对橄榄球运动员的下肢爆发力产生了显著影响。其中,相较于PF和MF,PMF对vGRFpeak以及反应性力量方面均产生了显著Objective:To investigates the effects of physical fatigue(PF),mental fatigue(MF),and physical-mental mixed fatigue(PMF)on the lower limb explosive power and heart rate variability(HRV)of American football players.Methods:Fifteen American football players were selected as research subbjects to participated in the experimental design of a randomized crossover controlled trial.The subjects were required to completed intervention tasks for PF,MF,and PMF,followed by tests for lower limb explosive power and HRV after each experiment.One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.Results:1)In the drop jump(DJ),PMF significantly reduced jump height compared to MF(P<0.05).2)For the counter movement jump(CMJ),PF and PMF showed significantly lower peak vertical ground reaction force(vGRFpeak)than baseline and MF(P<0.05);DJ also revealed a significantly lower vGRFpeak for PMF(P<0.05).3)The rate of force development(RFD)in CMJ was significantly affected by different fatigue protocols(P<0.05),with PMF all reducing RFD compared to baseline,PF,and MF(P<0.05).4)Different fatigue protocols significantly influenced average power output,reactive strength index(RSI),and reactive strength ratio(RSR)in DJ(P<0.05).PF,MF,and PMF all lowered average power output compared to baseline(P<0.05);RSI and RSR were reduced in MF and PMF(P<0.05),with MF showing a lower RSR than PF(P<0.05).5)Different fatigue protocols significantly affected HRV indices:standard deviation of the normal to normal intervals(SDNN),root mean square successive difference(RMSSD),high frequency(HF),and low frequency(LF)(P<0.05).PF and PMF both decreased SDNN,RMSSD,HF,and LF compared to baseline and MF(P<0.05).Conclusions:PF,MF,and PMF have significant effects on the lower limb explosive power of American football players.Among them,compared with PF and MF,PMF has a more pronounced effect on vGRFpeak and reactive strength,indicating that PMF may influence athletic performance through multiple mechanisms,potentially more than individual fat

关 键 词：体力疲劳 脑力疲劳 体脑混合疲劳 橄榄球运动员 下肢爆发力 心率变异性 

分 类 号：G849.2[文化科学—体育训练]