马铃薯光合、氮代谢及产量对水氮运筹的响应  

Response of Potato Photosynthesis,Nitrogen Metabolism and Yield to Water and Nitrogen Management

作　　者：易紫凤 段绍光[2] 卞春松[2] 陆小静[3] 李森[1] 秦军红[2] 李广存[2] YI Zifeng;DUAN Shaoguang;BIAN Chunsong;LU Xiaojing;LI Sen;QIN Junhong;LI Guangcun(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,Shanxi,China;State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Tuber Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西晋中030801 [2]蔬菜生物育种全国重点实验室,农业农村部薯类作物生物学和遗传育种重点实验室,中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081 [3]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口571101

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2025年第2期82-93,共12页China Vegetables

基　　金：特色薯类作物绿色高效生产管理技术研发与应用示范项目(2023YFD1600605)。

摘　　要：干旱缺水及氮肥不合理施用是影响马铃薯产业绿色高质量发展的主要问题之一。以费乌瑞它和中薯18号为试验材料,采用防雨棚盆栽,分析不同水氮运筹方式对马铃薯光合、氮代谢酶、干物质积累与分配、产量及水肥利用率的影响。结果表明:马铃薯各光合指标、全株干物质、产量和水氮利用率均受水分、氮素及二者交互作用的影响显著,且施氮量对中薯18号的影响大于费乌瑞它。光合特性、产量及水分利用率均随施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,氮素利用率随施氮量的增加而降低,除水分利用率外,其他各指标均随着水分的增加而增加;全株干物质量随水分和施氮量的升高而升高,但干物质向块茎中的分配随水分的增加而增加,随施氮量的增加而降低。硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性分别受水分和氮素的影响显著,且NR活性在中水下较高,GS活性在高氮下较高。两品种各器官干物质量、净光合速率、块茎数与单株产量呈极显著正相关。通过方程拟合得出,费乌瑞它和中薯18号在低、中、高各水分下获得最佳产量的施氮量分别为7.55、9.95、11.66 g·株^(-1)和8.67、10.09、12.83 g·株^(-1)。研究结果可为不同灌溉区马铃薯氮素高效管理提供理论依据。Drought and improper nitrogen fertilizer application are significant issues affecting the green and high-quality development of the potato industry.Using the varieties‘Favorita’and‘Zhongshu No.18’,we conducted a pot experiment under rain shelters to analyze the effects of different water and nitrogen management strategies on photosynthesis,nitrogen metabolism enzymes,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield,and water and nitrogen use efficiency in potatoes.The results show that all photosynthetic indicators,whole-plant dry matter,yield,and water and nitrogen use efficiency were significantly influenced by water,nitrogen,and their interaction.The impact of nitrogen application rate was greater on‘Zhongshu No.18’than on‘Favorita’.Photosynthetic characteristics,yield,and water use efficiency initially increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen application rate,while nitrogen use efficiency decreased with increasing nitrogen application rate.Except for water use efficiency,all other indicators increased with increasing water levels.Whole-plant dry matter increased with higher water and nitrogen levels,but dry matter allocation to tubers increased with higher water levels and decreased with higher nitrogen levels.Nitrate reductase(NR)and glutamine synthetase(GS)activities were significantly affected by water and nitrogen,respectively,with NR activity being higher at moderate water levels and GS activity being higher at high nitrogen levels.Dry matter accumulation,net photosynthetic rate,number of tubers,and yield per plant showed extremely significant positive correlations in both varieties.Through equation fitting,the optimal nitrogen application rates for maximum yield under low,medium,and high water levels for‘Favorita’and‘Zhongshu No.18’were determined to be 7.55,9.95,and 11.66 g per plant and 8.67,10.09,and 12.83 g per plant,respectively.These findings provide a theoretical basis for efficient nitrogen management in different irrigation zones for potato cultivation.

关 键 词：水氮耦合 马铃薯 生理生长 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]