考虑柔性轮对的地铁轴箱轴承振动响应分析  

Vibration response analysis of subway axle box bearing considering flexible wheelset

作　　者：肖苏雯 廖爱华[1] 胡定玉[1] 师蔚[1] XIAO Suwen;LIAO Aihua;HU Dingyu;SHI Wei(School of Urban Rail Transportation,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院,上海201620

出　　处：《机电工程》2025年第2期216-225,266,共11页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：上海市地方院校能力建设项目(20030501000)。

摘　　要：轴箱轴承是地铁车辆走行部的重要部件之一,一旦发生故障会严重影响车辆的运行安全。为探究在地铁车辆运行过程中轴箱轴承的振动响应,基于轨道-车辆耦合动力学及轴承动力学理论,进行了轴箱轴承的振动响应分析。首先,利用SIMPACK与Simulink进行了联合仿真,建立了一种包含轴箱轴承和柔性轮对的轨道-车辆-轴承耦合动力学模型;然后,计算了轴承转速和故障频率的仿真值,通过和理论值、实验值的对比,验证了该模型的有效性;最后,在轨道不平顺激励下多点故障、不同速度、不同损伤规模下,对轴箱轴承的动态响应进行了分析。研究结果表明:该动力学模型仿真得到的轴承故障特征频率与理论值、实验值的误差均在1%以内;相对于单点故障状态,轴箱轴承在多点故障状态下所受到的故障冲击更加强烈;受到轨道不平顺激励和轴承自身故障冲击的综合影响,轴箱轴承的振动加剧且外圈故障下振动幅值最大;故障轴承的振动加速度会随着车辆运行速度的提升和故障宽度的增大而变得激烈。该研究结果可为轴箱轴承的故障诊断和状态监测提供理论依据。The axle box bearing is one of the critical components of the running parts of subway vehicles.Once the axle box bearing occurs a fault,it can impact the operation safety of the vehicle.In order to explore the vibration response of axle box bearings during the operation of subway vehicles,a failure bearing vibration response analysis was conducted based on rail-vehicle coupled dynamics and bearing dynamics theory.First,by means of the combined simulation of SIMPACK and Simulink,a rail-vehicle-bearing coupled dynamics model was established that includes axle box bearings and flexible wheelsets.Then,the simulated values of bearing speed and failure frequency were calculated,and the effectiveness of the model was verified by comparing with theoretical and experimental values.Finally,the dynamic responses of the axle box bearing under the influence of track irregularity,multiple faults,different speeds,and different damage scales were analyzed.The research results show that the error of the bearing failure characteristics obtained from the simulation of the constructed dynamic model is within 1% of the theoretical and experimental values.Comparing to a single-point failure condition,the fault impact on the axle box bearing under the condition of multiple faults is more intense.Under the combined influence of track irregularities and the bearing's own fault impact,the vibration of the axle box bearing intensifies,and the vibration amplitude is the largest under the outer ring fault.The vibration acceleration of the faulty bearing becomes more intense as the vehicle's running speed increases and the fault width increases.The research results can provide theoretical support for the fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of the axle box bearing.

关 键 词：圆锥/圆柱滚子轴承 受载分析 联合仿真 刚柔耦合动力学模型 柔性轮对 轨道激励 多点故障 振动特性分析 

分 类 号：TH133.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]