论朱子与王阳明对成己成物关系的不同理解——兼及张岳对阳明的质疑及其可能回应  

On the Different Understandings of the Relationship between“Self-actualization”and“Helping Others Become Successful”by Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming:Also on Zhang Yue's Critique on Wang Yangming and Possible Responses

作　　者：傅锡洪 FU Xi-hong(Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学,广州510275

出　　处：《云南大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期50-64,共15页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2024年国家社科基金后期资助项目重点项目“本体与现实之间:朱子思想研究”(项目号:24FZXA003)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：《大学》修身以上条目和齐家以下条目分别表达了成己和成物的意思。朱子和阳明在成物领域中的新民与亲民之争受到学界重视,相比之下他们在成己成物关系问题上的异同则并未受到足够重视。在这一问题上,双方存在本末论和合一论的差异。其差异的关键是成己的完成是否有赖于成物的完成。明代朱子学者张岳批评阳明合一论遗漏了无事时的慎独工夫。不过事实并非如此。阳明认为无论慎独还是亲民,都可涵盖实现一体之仁的整体。朱王差异的根源可以追溯至双方在是否直接凭借本心来指引和推动工夫问题上的不同态度。The Great Learning's entries before the term“self-cultivation”and after the phrase“good family management”have the meanings of“self-actualization”and“helping others become successful”.In the case of the latter,the debates over“the people-centered approach”and“the pro-people approach”between Zhu Zi and Wang Yangming have received much attention in the academic world.Comparatively speaking,as for the relationship between the two approaches,the similarities and differences between Zhu Zi and Wang Yangming have not received sufficient attention.There is a difference on this issue between the theory of fundamentals and incidentals and the theory of unity.The key difference is whether the completion of the former depends on the completion of the latter.Zhang Yue,a scholar of the Zhu Zi School in the Ming dynasty,criticized Wang Yangming's theory of unity for ignoring self-cultivation in privacy when there was nothing to do.But this conclusion is not correct.Wang Yangming believed that both self-cultivation in privacy and the pro-people approach encompassed the entire process of realizing human benevolence for all.The root cause of the difference between Zhu Zi and Wang Yangming can be traced back to their different attitudes towards whether or not to guide and promote the study on the question of moral cultivation directly by virtue of conscience.

关 键 词：成己 成物 慎独 亲民 一体之仁 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]