沉默的言說:朗西埃審美視域下的弗洛伊德無意識  

Mute Speech:Freud's Unconscious in Rancière's Aesthetic Perspective

作　　者：馬越 付翹楚 MA Yue;FU Qiaochu(Huizhou University,China;Beijing Normal University-Hongkong Baptist University United International College,China)

机构地区：[1]惠州學院 [2]北京師範大學-香港浸會大學聯合國際學院

出　　处：《人文与社科亚太学刊》2024年第4期195-203,共9页Asia-Pacific Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：廣東省哲學社會科學規劃2022年度外語學科專項(專案批准號:GD22WZX01-12);2022年廣東省本科高校教學質量工程項目“英語教師教育類課程教研室”(粵教高函[2023]4號);2023年廣東省本科高校教學質量工程項目『新文科背景下“英語+”複合型人才培養計畫(粵教高函[2024]9號)』。

摘　　要：弗洛伊德的無意識理論是現代性的核心概念之一,尤其在理解人類心理與藝術創造的關係時,其影響深遠。在傳統美學中,精神分析常被視為揭示藝術深層意義的工具,但這種解讀有時會陷入超現實主義的虛無主義,使藝術的意義變得模糊而複雜,藝術被視為逃避現實或反映存在困境的手段。雅克·朗西埃則提出了更為廣闊的視角,他將無意識置於藝術審美機制的社會和文化背景中,強調其歷史根源和解放潛力。朗西埃認為,無意識不僅僅是欲望和壓抑的倉庫,更是創造新意義和體驗審美自由的重要源泉。他的分析使我們意識到,審美無意識能夠超越傳統理性框架,觸及那些無法用語言表達的感受與思想。朗西埃提到的“啞言-多語”概念,突顯了藝術在表達複雜情感和多元體驗方面的獨特能力。藝術作品不僅是情感的再現,更是對話的起點,激發觀眾在無意識層面上的共鳴與思考。因此,朗西埃的視角為我們提供了一種積極的解讀方式,強調無意識在藝術中的解放意義,豐富了對現代藝術的理解,推動了當代美學的研究。通過結合精神分析與審美理論,我們能更深入探討藝術在複雜社會語境中如何激發思維與感受,進而豐富對人類經驗的理解。Freud's theory of the unconscious is one of the central concepts of modernity,exerting a profound influence on the understanding of the relationship between human psychology and artistic creation.In traditional aesthetics,psychoanalysis is often regarded as a tool for uncovering the deeper meanings of art.However,such interpretations can occasionally fall into the nihilism of surrealism,rendering the significance of art ambiguous and complex,while viewing it as a means of escape from reality or a reflection of existential dilemmas.Jacques Rancière offers a broader perspective by situating the unconscious within the social and cultural contexts of aesthetic mechanisms,emphasizing its historical roots and emancipatory potential.Rancière argues that the unconscious is not merely a repository of desire and repression,but also a crucial source for the creation of new meanings and the experience of aesthetic freedom.His analysis reveals that aesthetic unconsciousness can transcend traditional rational frameworks,accessing those feelings and thoughts that elude verbal expression.The concept of"silence-multiplicity"that Rancière introduces highlights the unique ability of art to express complex emotions and diverse experiences.Artistic works serve not only as representations of feelings but also as starting points for dialogue,stimulating resonance and reflection at the level of the unconscious in viewers.Thus,Rancière's perspective provides an affirmative interpretative framework that underscores the liberatory significance of the unconscious in art,enriching our understanding of modern artistic practices and advancing contemporary aesthetic inquiry.By integrating psychoanalytic and aesthetic theories,we can more deeply explore how art stimulates thought and emotion within complex social contexts,thereby enhancing our comprehension of human experience.

关 键 词：審美 無意識 精神分析 藝術解放 啞言-多語 文化批評 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]