美国精神健康复元运动的社会历史脉络  

The Social and Historical Context of the Mental Health Recovery Movement in the United States

作　　者：姚灏 YAO Hao(Shanghai Mental Health Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心,上海200030

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2025年第3期1-6,共6页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2022年国家社会科学基金青年项目(22CSH085);2022年美国中华医学基金会开放竞争课题(22-480)。

摘　　要：精神健康复元运动发轫于20世纪90年代的美国,强调以人为中心、由服务使用者驱动、以优势为基础,是形塑21世纪全球精神卫生政策的重要力量。通过对美国精神健康复元运动的系统爬梳,探诘其三大主要的社会历史脉络,即美国对严重精神障碍痊愈的认识转变、美国精神病学消费者运动的变迁、美国社会心理康复领域的发展,强调为推动国内精神卫生体系超越生物医学模式并实现以复元为导向的范式转移,需要持续改革的精神、精神障碍亲历者的参与、精神健康社会工作与临床心理学的人才建设以及更多有关复元的本土化研究。The mental health recovery movement originated in the United States during the 1990s,emphasizing person-centered,user-driven,and strengths-based approaches.It has become a significant force in shaping 21st-century global mental health policies.Through a systematic exploration of the movement,this article investigates its three primary socio-historical contexts:the progression in the understanding of recovery from severe mental illness,the evolution of the psychiatric consumer movement,and the development of psychosocial rehabilitation.It emphasizes the critical role of sustained reform efforts,the participation of individuals with lived experience of mental illness,the cultivation of professionals in mental health social work and clinical psychology,and further localized research on recovery in achieving the paradigm shift toward a recovery-oriented mental health system in China.

关 键 词：精神健康 复元 社会心理康复 精神康复 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生]