新兴生物增强技术的平等问题及法律治理研究  

Research on Equality Issues and Legal Governance of Emerging Bioenhancement Technologies

作　　者：王典 王琳 WANG Dian;WANG Lin(School of Law,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2025年第3期52-56,共5页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2020年重庆大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2020CDJSK08YJ01)。

摘　　要：新兴生物增强技术通过低投入、高效益的方式显著提升个体能力,但其依赖支付能力的获取机制可能加剧社会不平等。学界提出的三种治理方案:“全有或全无的平等”存在价值失衡与可行性缺陷;“增强补贴”难以有效缩小群体差异;“补贴叠加禁止”补贴弱势与限制优势并举,但其依赖的运气平等主义隐含“向下拉平”的伦理风险。以关系平等主义为核心框架的治理思路,反对压迫性社会关系,聚焦能力差异是否引发政治支配与社会排斥。其治理路径要求国家应通过普惠性补贴等方式促进技术普及,同时监管通用能力差异的临界范围,避免其导致压迫性社会关系。Emerging bioenhancement technologies significantly enhance individual capabilities through low-cost,highefficiency means.However,their acquisition mechanism,which depends on financial affordability,may exacerbate social inequality.Scholars have proposed three governance approaches:the"all-or-nothing equality"approach,which presents value imbalance and feasibility issues;the"enhancement subsidy"strategy,which struggles to reduce group disparities;and the"subsidies coupled with prohibitions"model,but its reliance on luck egalitarianism carries the ethical risk of"leveling down".A governance approach based on relational egalitarianism opposes oppressive social relationships,focusing on whether differences in capability lead to political domination and social exclusion.This approach suggests that the state should promote the widespread adoption of these technologies through universal subsidies while regulating the threshold of general ability disparities to prevent the formation of oppressive social structures.

关 键 词：生物增强 关系平等主义 运气平等 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]