警察权视角下的强制性免疫制度及其豁免  

The Compulsory Immunization and Its Exemptions from the Perspective of the Police Power

作　　者：鲍律帆 BAO Lyufan(College of Public Security,Zhejiang Police College,Hangzhou 310053,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江警察学院治安学院,浙江杭州310053

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2025年第3期57-61,共5页Medicine and Philosophy

摘　　要：在美国,强制性免疫的相关事务主要由州警察权予以规定。雅格布森案以来,政府要求公民接种疫苗的权力受到了法院的持续肯定。尽管人们对于这一权力的质疑没有动摇强制性免疫的制度根基,但是,强制性免疫也并未褪变为“全民接种”的代名词。免疫豁免作为强制性免疫的制度例外,不仅弥合了政府强制与公民自主之间的缝隙,而且保障了强制性免疫的制度弹性。我国法律也赋予了政府制定疫苗接种规划的权力,但在绝对的强制性免疫要求下,适当允许免疫豁免的存在可能是平衡个人自由与公共利益的有效方式。In the U.S.,affairs relating to the compulsory immunization are mainly regulated by state police powers.Since the Jacobson case,the government's power to require citizens to be vaccinated has been consistently affirmed by the courts.Although skepticism surrounding this authority has not shaken the foundation of the compulsory immunization system,it has not transformed into a universal vaccination mandate.Immunization exemptions,as an institutional exception to compulsory immunization,not only bridge the gap between government compulsion and individual autonomy but also ensure the flexibility of the system.In China,laws similarly empower the government to establish vaccination plans.However,under the absolute compulsory immunization requirement,introducing the vaccination exemption may be an effective way to balance individual freedom and public interest.

关 键 词：强制性免疫 警察权 疫苗接种 免疫豁免 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]