数字技术赋能农业环境污染防治:逻辑基础、关键问题与路径构建  

Digital technology-enabled agricultural environmental pollution prevention and control:Logical basis,key issues,and path construction

作　　者：周子铭 高鸣 ZHOU Ziming;GAO Ming(School of Public Policy&Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100810,China;Research Center for Rural Economy,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100810,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100810 [2]农业农村部农村经济研究中心,北京100810

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》2025年第2期218-227,共10页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(24ZDA052);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20231318)资助~~

摘　　要：农业环境污染防治是全球生态环境保护的核心议题。本文梳理了当前我国农业环境污染的现实特征及防治困境,在此基础上分析了数字技术赋能农业环境污染防治的逻辑基础和关键问题,提出了数字技术赋能农业环境污染防治的实现路径。研究发现:当前我国农业环境污染防治工作取得了相对高效且稳定的治理成效。然而,农业环境污染尚未得到根本遏制,仍存在源头防控压力较大、法规标准体系存在缺陷、污染监测基础较为薄弱和监管能力亟待加强等问题。从数字技术赋能农业环境污染防治的逻辑基础来看,理论上,数字技术能够赋能农业环境污染防治精准化、透明化和高效化。现实中,数字技术革新为依托前沿技术开展农业环境污染防治创造了有利条件,政策提质增效为数字技术赋能提供了重要机遇,兼顾经济效益与环境效益为传统粗放型农业转型拓展了广阔空间。当前,数字技术赋能农业环境污染防治需要重视提高数据采集质量和效率,强化数据分析与模型预测,加快构建智能决策支持系统以及平衡技术成本与污染防治收益等。在此基础上,本文构建了数字技术赋能农业环境污染防治的实现路径,包括完善农业环境污染防治政策机制,促进生产者达成共识性集体行动,汇聚多元社会治理主体协同合力,打造产学研深度融合创新联合体等。The prevention and control of agricultural environmental pollution are core issues in global ecological environmental protection.Therefore,in this study,we examined the characteristics of agricultural environmental pollution in China,evaluated the status of existing pollution prevention and control measures,and analyzed the logical basis and key issues of digital technology-enabled pollution prevention and control.Additionally,we proposed a path for the widespread implementation of digital technology-enabled prevention and control of agricultural environmental pollution in China.We found that the current agricultural environmental pollution prevention and control work in China has achieved relatively efficient and stable governance results.However,agricultural environmental pollution has not yet been fundamentally curbed,and problems remained,such as the need for greater prevention and control at the source,the deficiencies in the regulatory and standards systems,the weak foundation for pollution monitoring,and the urgent need to strengthen regulatory capacity.Theoretically,digital technology can improve the precision,transparency,and efficiency of agricultural environmental pollution prevention and control.In practice,digital technology innovation has created favorable conditions for leveraging cutting-edge technologies to prevent and control agricultural environmental pollution.Policy enhancement and optimization have provided substantial opportunities for digital technology empowerment,while balancing economic and environmental benefits has provided vast possibilities for the transformation of traditional agriculture.Development of digital technology for the prevention and control of agricultural environmental pollution should focus on improving the quality and efficiency of data collection,strengthening data analysis and model prediction,improving intelligent decision support systems,and balancing the costs and benefits of the technology.Based on these gaps,we outlined a digital technology-enabled agricultura

关 键 词：数字技术 农业环境污染 污染治理 路径构建 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济]