五轴镗铣车复合加工中心时变误差测量及补偿  

Measurement and Compensation of Time-Varying Thermal Errors on Five-Axis Boring Milling and Turning Machining Centers

作　　者：刘阔 王率峰 宋磊[1] 张泽伟 陈虎 王永青[1,2] LIU Kuo;WANG Shuaifeng;SONG Lei;ZHANG Zewei;CHEN Hu;WANG Yongqing(National Key Laboratory of High Performance Precision Manufacturing,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;Changzhou Intelligent Manufacturing Longcheng Laboratory,Changzhou 213164,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学高性能精密制造全国重点实验室,大连116024 [2]常州智能制造龙城实验室,常州213164 [3]科德数控股份有限公司,大连116000

出　　处：《组合机床与自动化加工技术》2025年第2期102-108,共7页Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U22B2085);辽宁省重大科技专项项目(2021JH1/10400102)。

摘　　要：航空航天领域关键零部件高端制造的需求对国产数控机床提出了高精度稳定性的要求,时变误差是影响国产高端数控机床精度稳定性的关键因素,易导致航空零件批量加工精度波动。五轴镗铣车复合加工中心是航空航天领域核心零件的主力加工装备,为减小五轴镗铣车复合加工中心的时变误差,提出了一种基于机理与数据混合驱动的数控机床时变误差补偿方法,通过测量机床在不同温度状态下的时变误差数据,厘清机床主轴和进给轴主要时变误差项,建立主轴和进给轴主要时变误差项的机理与数据混合驱动的时变误差模型,并基于坐标原点偏置原理实现机床时变误差补偿。经试验验证,补偿后X进给轴时变误差可以减少61.2%,主轴径向时变误差可以减少42.3%,大幅度提高了机床的精度稳定性。The demand for high-level manufacturing of key components in the aerospace field has put forward the requirement of high-precision stability for domestically-made CNC machine tools.Time-varying thermal error is a major factor affecting the stability of precision of domestic high-level CNC machine tools,which can easily lead to fluctuations in the accuracy of batch pro-cessing of aerospace parts.Five-axis boring,milling and turning composite machining centers are the main machining equipment for core parts in the aerospace field,in order to reduce the time-varying thermal error of five-axis boring,milling and turning composite machining centers,this paper proposes a time-varying thermal error compensation method for CNC machine tools based on a mixture of mechanism and data drive,by measuring the machine tool time-varying thermal error data at different temperatures,clarifying the major time-varying thermal error terms of the machine tool main spindle and the feed axis,and establishing a time-varying thermal error method for the main spindle and feed axis,and establishing the main time-varying thermal error term for the spindle and feed axis.By measuring the main time-varying thermal errors of the spindle and feed axes,we can establish the mechanism of the main time-varying thermal errors of the spindle and feed axes and the data-driven time-varying thermal error model,and realize the compensation of the machine tool time-varying thermal errors based on the principle of the coordinate origin bias.After the test,the time-varying error of X feed axis can be reduced by 61.2% and the time-varying error of spindle radial direction can be reduced by 42.3%,which greatly improves the stability of machine tool accuracy.

关 键 词：数控机床 主轴 进给轴 时变误差 误差补偿 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG502[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]