隐忧与防范:人工智能技术嵌入公共决策的价值审视  

Latent Concerns and Precautions:A Value Examination of Embedding Artificial Intelligence Technology in Public Decision-Making

作　　者：周伟[1] ZHOU Wei(School of Political Science and Public Administration,Northwest University of Political Science and Law,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710122,China)

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学政治与公共管理学院,陕西西安710122

出　　处：《行政论坛》2025年第1期151-160,共10页Administrative Tribune

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“西部贫困地区县级地方政府治理能力评估研究”(19BZZ064)。

摘　　要：在人工智能时代,人机协同的智能决策是公共决策变革与创新的重要途径,但人工智能技术在公共决策中的深度介入也面临数据失真致使公共决策科学性不足、算法偏见造成公共决策公正性缺乏、技术滥用引发决策中个人隐私泄露、机器依赖弱化决策中人的主体地位等风险与挑战。这些风险与挑战是由技术系统的不确定性与不可解释性、法律制度不完备与行政伦理滞后、决策责任主体复杂与责任判定模糊、智能素养欠缺与算法权力裹挟等引起的。为了确保人工智能技术在公共决策中的向善发展,需要我们从以下四个方面努力:正确看待人工智能,合理定位人机关系;强化技术应用把关,提高技术监管水平;健全制度规则体系,增强制度保障能力;加强教育培训引导,提升人们智能素养。在具体实践中,只有采取有效措施防范人工智能技术嵌入公共决策中的诸多风险,才能更好地发挥人工智能技术赋能公共决策的效用。In the era of Artificial Intelligence,the intelligent decision-making through human-machine collaboration is a significant pathway for the transformation and innovation of public decision-making.However,the deep involvement of artificial intelligence technology in public decision-making also confronts risks and challenges such as data distortion leading to insufficient scientificity of public decisions,algorithmic bias causing a lack of fairness in public decision-making,technological abuse triggering the leakage of personal privacy in decision-making,and machine dependence weakening the subjective status of humans.These risks and challenges arise from the uncertainty and inexplicability of the technical system,the imperfection of legal institutions and the lagging of administrative ethics,the complexity of decisionmaking responsibility subjects and the ambiguity of responsibility determination,as well as the lack of intelligent literacy and the entanglement of algorithmic power,etc.To ensure the benevolent development of artificial intelligence techno logy in public decision-making,efforts should be made in the following four aspects:correctly understanding artificial intelligence and reasonably positioning the human-machine relationship;strengthening technological application oversight and enhancing technological supervision levels;improving the system of institutional rules and enhancing the capacity for institutional protection;and reinforcing educational training and guidance to elevate public intelligent literacy.In practical application,only by adopting effective measures to prevent the various risks associated with embedding artificial intelligence technology in public decision-making can we effectively leverage its potential to empower public decision-making.

关 键 词：人工智能 公共决策 技术嵌入 人机协同 智能决策 

分 类 号：D630.8[政治法律—政治学] D63-31[政治法律—中外政治制度] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]