“蓝绿空间”冷岛效应及其与城市热舒适度的关系研究:以兰州市为例  

The impact of“blue-green spaces”on urban thermal comfort:an analysis of the cooling island effect in Lanzhou city

作　　者：何贝贝 上官冬辉 王荣军 李达 杨琴 HE Beibei;SHANGGUAN Donghui;WANG Rongjun;LI Da;YANG Qin(Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000;Univeristy of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,冰冻圈科学与冻土工程重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2024年第6期1032-1041,共10页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目(22ZD6FA005);冰冻圈科学自主课题(SKLCS-ZZ-2023);国家自然科学基金项目(42171148)共同资助。

摘　　要：为了研究气候变暖和城市化进程对兰州市主城区及城郊山区热环境与热舒适度的影响,特别是城市“蓝绿空间”冷岛效应对局地气候舒适度的改善作用,采用Landsat遥感影像数据,结合单窗算法反演兰州市地表温度,并结合降温距离与降温幅度指标,评估了“蓝绿空间”冷岛效应的强度。同时,利用改进的温湿指数(MTHI),分析了1993—2021年间“蓝绿空间”冷岛效应的时空变化特征及其与局地热舒适度之间的关系。结果显示,城区绿地的平均降温距离为274.1 m,平均降温强度为5.16℃;河流周围区域的降温距离为140 m,降温强度为4.23℃;山区森林的降温距离介于500~1000m,降温强度为5~10℃。此外,城区的冷岛指数呈下降趋势,而山区的冷岛指数则呈增长趋势,表明山区的地表温度总体呈下降趋势。城区夏季的绿色空间和河流附近区域更为凉爽舒适,山区夏季热感知介于冷与寒冷之间。研究证明,城区应进一步增加“蓝绿空间”以缓解热岛效应,提升居民的热舒适感;同时,山区的冷岛效应和热舒适度的改善凸显了植被在维持和提升地表温度调节方面的重要性。To investigate the impact of climate warming and urbanization on the thermal environment and thermal comfort in Lanzhou’s urban center and suburban mountainous areas,particularly the role of the cooling island effect of urban“blue-green spaces”in improving local climate comfort,Landsat remote sensing imagery data was utilized in combination with the single-window algorithm to invert the land surface temperature(LST)of Lanzhou.The strength of the“blue-green spaces”cooling effect was assessed using indicators of cooling distance and cooling intensity.Additionally,an improved temperature-humidity index(MTHI)was employed to analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the cool island effect of“blue-green spaces”and its relationship with local thermal comfort from 1993 to 2021.The results indicated that the average cooling distance of urban green spaces was 274.1 m,with an average cooling intensity of 5.16°C;the cooling distance around rivers was 140 m,with a cooling intensity of 4.23°C;the cooling distance in mountainous forest areas ranged from 500 to 1000 m,with a cooling intensity between 5°C and 10°C.Furthermore,the cool island index in urban areas showed a downward trend,while the index in mountainous areas was on the rise,indicating a general decline in surface temperatures in the mountains.In urban areas,green spaces and river-adjacent areas were cooler and more comfortable during the summer,while in mountainous areas,the perceived heat in the summer was between comfort and heat.The study suggested that urban areas should increase"blue-green spaces"to mitigate the urban heat island effect and enhance residents'thermal comfort.Meanwhile,the improvement of cool island effects and thermal comfort in mountainous areas highlights the importance of vegetation in maintaining and enhancing land surface temperature regulation.

关 键 词：“蓝绿空间” 冷岛效应 热舒适度 地表热环境 兰州市 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TU119.4[建筑科学—建筑理论]