文化遗产的整体性视角演变:基于文献的系统分析  

The Evolution of Holistic Approach Towards Cultural Heritage:A Systematic Analysis Based on Literature Review

作　　者：周小凤 张朝枝[2] ZHOU Xiaofeng;ZHANG Chaozhi(School of Tourism Management,Sun Yat-Sen University,Zhuhai Guangdong 519000,China;The Department of Tourism,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学旅游学院,广东珠海519000 [2]复旦大学旅游学系,上海200433

出　　处：《自然与文化遗产研究》2025年第1期36-47,共12页Study on Natural and Cultural Heritage

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“文化遗产和旅游融合发展的文化自信生成机制与治理现代化研究”(20AZD067)。

摘　　要：文化遗产保护与旅游发展认知正发生着整体性语境变革。缺乏对这种整体性转向的全面理解,既不利于文化遗产保护的科学决策,也不利于文化遗产与旅游的深度融合。文章通过对现有文献的系统梳理,分析了国内外文化遗产领域的整体性实践与研究,揭示了文化遗产领域的整体性视角演变的建构性、流动性与多维性特征。从共时性视角看,文化遗产的整体性框架由完整性、整体保护、整体价值与整体性体验四者相辅相成、共同构成。从历时性视角看,文化遗产的整体性视角经历了从20世纪60年代完整性保护原则的提出,到20世纪70年代整体保护实践的推广,再到20世纪末至21世纪初整体价值认知的深化及21世纪10年代后整体性体验需求的提升这一转变过程,是不同历史时期社会文化、经济及技术发展多种要素共同驱动的结果。这些整体性转向将为文化遗产保护及文化遗产与旅游的深度融合研究与实践带来新思维、新举措。未来研究需要重点关注,在全球化和本土化的背景下,如何通过创新文化遗产整体性保护理念和实践来确保文化遗产的可持续发展。The cognition of cultural heritage protection and tourism development is undergoing a complete turn.The lack of comprehensive understanding of this trend can compromise scientific decision-making of cultural heritage protection,and deep integration of cultural heritage and tourism.Through literature review,this paper systematically analyzes the holistic practice and research in the field of cultural heritage and tourism at home and abroad,and reveals the constructiveness,mobility and multi-dimensional characteristics of the evolution of holistic perspective of cultural heritage.From a synchronic perspective,the holistic framework of cultural heritage consists of four interrelated and complementary components:integrity,integrated conservation,holistic values,and holistic experience.From a diachronic perspective,the holistic perspective of cultural heritage has evolved through different historical periods:the proposal of integrity protection principles in the 1960s,the promotion of integrated conservation practices in the 1970s,the deepening of holistic value recognition from the late 20th century to the early 21st century,and the increasing demand for holistic experiences since the 2010s.These transitions have been collectively driven by social,cultural,economic,and technological developments across different periods.These shifts provide new insights and approaches for both cultural heritage protection and the deep integration of cultural heritage with tourism.Future research should focus on innovating concepts and practices of holistic cultural heritage protection in the context of globalization and localization,ensuring the sustainable development of cultural heritage.

关 键 词：文化遗产 完整性 整体保护 整体价值 整体性体验 

分 类 号：G127[文化科学] F323[经济管理—产业经济]