做伦理学的基本方法及其应有选择  

The Basic Methods and Option of Doing Ethics

作　　者：江畅[1] 李雨欣 JIANG Chang;LI Yuxin

机构地区：[1]湖北大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2025年第1期74-83,共10页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国式现代化的文化传统、历史经验和世界意义研究”(24&ZD023)。

摘　　要：在中西伦理思想史上,做伦理学先后创造和使用过思辨方法、经验方法、直觉方法、语言分析方法和评价方法五种基本方法。每一种方法都有其优点和局限,它们大多可以互补,但以哪一种方法为基本方法对于伦理学理论的学科性质和价值取向有着重要影响,因此伦理学者必须慎重选择做伦理学的基本方法。作为哲学分支学科,伦理学所使用的基本方法应当是哲学的思辨方法,而且只有运用这种方法才能使伦理学体现哲学所特有的反思精神、批判精神和构建精神。以思辨方法作为做伦理学的基本方法,需要克服认为思辨方法只是构想本体论的基本方法、这种方法不能获得知识和真理、以思辨方法为基本方法就必须排除经验方法等认识上的障碍。In the history of Chinese and Western ethical thoughts,five basic methods have been successively created and used to do ethics:the speculative method,the empirical method,the intuitive method,the linguistic analytical method and the evaluative method.Each has its own advantages and limitations,and most of them can be complementary to each other.However,the option of basic method is of great significance to disciplinary nature and value orientation of ethical theories,so ethicists must be cautious inchoosing the basic method.The basic method employed by ethics as a branch discipline of philosophy ought to be the speculative method of philosophy,and it is only through the application of this method that ethics can embody the reflective,critical,and constructive spirits unique to philosophy.Adopting the speculative method as the fundamental approach in the study of ethics necessitates overcoming several cognitive obstacles,including the misconception that the speculative method is solely a basic tool for constructing ontology,the belief that this method cannot yield knowledge and truth,and the notion that utilizing the speculative method as the primary approach necessitates the exclusion of empirical methods.

关 键 词：做伦理学 基本方法 思辨方法 道德本性 道德体系 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]