系统论法学视角下保险说明义务的反思与建构  

Reflection and Construction of the Obligation of Insurance Discl osure from the Perspective of the Theory of Autopoietic Legal Systems

作　　者：陈昊泽 CHEN Haoze

机构地区：[1]福州大学法学院,福建福州350001

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第1期123-140,共18页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：规制性与救济性的缺乏,反映出保险说明义务立法目标与实践效果的反差。先行研究由解释论到立法论的过渡、司法观点从实质标准向证据标准的转变,暴露出既往观点与法律体系的割裂、对保险销售实践的忽略。系统论法学从规范性预期稳定功能理解法律,在保险再生产过程中探明销售,将保险说明义务问题定位于法律系统与保险系统的耦合结构。保险说明义务的困境源于其兼具规制、救济功能的立法模式:功能性瘫痪与过度社会化接连出现;规范运作具有模糊性;立法存在时间性漏洞。保险说明义务的进路不在于自身的完善,而应立足于保险法实现规范的分化整合。这要求将保险说明义务的规制功能分出至保险业法,以适合性原则保障投保人意思自治,将保险销售行为规制建构为“反身法”,同时在保险合同法项下整合保险说明义务的“要件—效力”程式,依缔约过失法理重塑救济效果。The lack of regulatory and remedial measures highlights the gap between the legislative aims and practical outcomes of the obligation of insurance disclosure.The transition of earlier research from interpretation-based to legislation-based theory,and the transformation of judicial opinions from substantive to evidentiary standards,reveal a disconnect between previous opinions and the legal framework and a neglect of insurance sales practices.The theory of autopoietic legal systems,viewing law as a stabilizer of normative expectations,clarifies the role of insurance sales in the process of insurance reproduction and pinpoints the issue of obligation of insurance disclosure as the coupled structure of the legal and insurance systems.The predicaments of the obligation of insurance disclosure stem from its legislative mode with both regulatory and remedial functions:successive emergence of functional paralysis and over-socialization,vagueness in operation of norms,and temporal gap in legislation.The development of the obligation of insurance disclosure lies not in its own improvement,but in the realizing differentiation and integration of norms in insurance law,which requires putting the regulatory function of the obligation of insurance disclosure into the law on industry insurance,thus ensuring a policyholder's autonomy of will by means of the suitability rule,and developing regulation of insurance sales as"reflexives",meanwhile,integrating the"requirement-effectiveness"framework of the obligation of insurance disclosure under insurance contract law,and reshaping remedial outcomes through the doctrine of pre-contractual liability.

关 键 词：社会系统论 反身法 保险法修改 保险销售制度 规制 合同法 

分 类 号：DF438.4[政治法律—经济法学]