基于单细胞测序技术的神经系统疾病研究  

Research on neurological diseases based on single-cell sequencing technology

作　　者：申佳怡 张文胜[2] Shen Jiayi;Zhang Wensheng(Peninsula Oncology Research Center,Binzhou Medical College,Yantai,Shandong 264003,China;Cambridge-Suzhou University Genome Resource Center,Suzhou University,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215123,China)

机构地区：[1]滨州医学院半岛肿瘤研究中心,山东烟台264003 [2]苏州大学剑桥-苏大基因组资源中心,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《齐齐哈尔医学院学报》2025年第4期385-389,共5页Journal of Qiqihar Medical University

摘　　要：全球范围内神经系统疾病发病率的逐步攀升给医疗系统和社会资源带来了巨大挑战。近年来,随着单细胞测序技术的不断完善和发展,我们得以有效构建脑细胞图谱,从而更精确地理解神经细胞之间的相互作用以及不同细胞之间的差异,为探索神经系统疾病的致病机制和开发治疗方法提供了重要的科学依据。本综述简要概述了单细胞基因组测序(single-cell DNA sequencing, scDNA-seq)、单细胞DNA甲基化组测序(single-cell DNA methylome sequencing, scDNA-Met-seq)以及单细胞转录组测序(single-cell RNA sequencing, scRNA-seq)的方法和原理,介绍了单细胞转录组测序的基本流程,总结分析了单细胞测序技术在神经发育障碍(如自闭症)、神经退行性疾病(如帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病)以及神经免疫性疾病(如多发性硬化)等不同类型神经系统疾病中的研究进展和应用方向,以期为神经系统疾病的致病机制发现、治疗方法开发以及药物靶点发现提供新的思路。TThe growing prevalence of neurological disorders worldwide presents a formidable challenge to healthcare systems and societal resources.In recent times,the ongoing refinement and advancement of single-cell sequencing technologies have enabled us to construct detailed brain cell maps,enhancing our understanding of neuron interactions and the diversity among different cell types.This has established a solid scientific foundation for investigating the etiology of neurological diseases and for developing therapeutic strategies.This review succinctly outlines the methodologies and principles of single-cell genomic sequencing(scDNA-seq),single-cell DNA methylome sequencing(scDNA-Met-seq),and single-cell transcriptome sequencing(scRNA-seq).It outlines the fundamental process of single-cell transcriptome sequencing,synthesizes and examines the research advancements and application prospects of single-cell sequencing in various neurological disorders,including neurodevelopmental disorders(e.g.,autism),neurodegenerative diseases(e.g.,Parkinson's and Alzheimer's),and neuroimmune diseases(e.g.,multiple sclerosis).The objective is to offer novel perspectives on the discovery of disease pathogenesis,the development of treatment methods,and the identification of drug targets in neurological disorders.

关 键 词：单细胞测序(scRNA-seq) 神经系统 疾病 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]