“发展权转移”辨析及其在我国的适用性探讨  

ORIGIN AND PRACTICE OF"TRANSFER OF DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS"AND ITS APPLICABILITY IN CHINA

作　　者：王理 赵民[1,2,3] WANG Li;ZHAO Min

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]中国城市规划学会国外城市规划分会 [3]中国城市规划学会规划实施分会

出　　处：《城市规划》2025年第2期43-53,共11页City Planning Review

摘　　要：通过辨析既有研究观点并总结实践经验,探讨“发展权转移”在我国土地公有制背景下的适用性。首先简要介绍美国发展权转移制度的缘起与运作过程。然后立足于我国的土地管理体制特点,从“基于用地指标的发展权转移”和“基于容积率的发展权转移”这两个层面,综述国内学界的主要观点;与此相应,还梳理了两类“发展权转移”的政策导向及实践并对其作简要评述。研究发现,跨区域指标交易市场存在着内生悖论,因而以用地指标为载体的“发展权转移”政策既有成效,也有其特定性。在城市建成区内,我国规划管控中提出的“异地补偿”和“容积率奖励”为形式的“发展权转移”,实质上是政府与市场主体之间的交易,这与美国等土地私有制国家的相关运作有着本质区别。This paper discusses the applicability of"transfer of development rights(TDR)"in China's public land ownership system by examining existing research viewpoints and summarizing practical experience.Firstly,the paper briefly introduces the origin and operation of the TDR mechanism in the United States.Subsequently,in view of the characteristics of China's land management system,it reviews the main viewpoints of domestic research on the TDR from two aspects:"land use quota-based TDR"and floor area ratiobased TDR".Furthermore,the paper delves into the policy orientation and practice of these two types of TDR and presents a brief commentary on them.The findings reveal that,due to an inherent paradox in the cross-regional quota trading market,the policy of TDR based on land use quotas is effective to some extent,but has limitations in application as well.Within the urban built-up areas,the TDR in the forms of"compensation on designated lots"and"floor area ratio bonus"proposed in the planning control in China is essentially a kind of trading between the government and market entities,which fundamentally differs from the operation in the United States and other countries where private land ownershipprevails.

关 键 词：土地发展权 发展权转移 增减挂钩 中国与美国 

分 类 号：TU982[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]