中国农村宅基地改革与农民土地权益保护:逻辑与路径  

Reform of Rural Homestead and Protection of Farmers'Land Rights and Interests in China:Logic and Path

作　　者：张慧利 ZHANG Huili(Institute of Rural Development,Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Social Sciences,Nanjing 210004,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省社会科学院农村发展研究所,江苏南京210004

出　　处：《安徽乡村振兴研究》2025年第1期60-71,共12页ANHUI RURAL REVITALIZATION STUDIES

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“新型农村集体经济促进共同富裕的机理、路径与政策研究”(22XGL022);陕西省软科学研究计划一般项目“‘十四五’时期陕西省乡村产业数字化转型实践模式与实现机制研究”(2023-CXRKX-067)。

摘　　要：保障农民土地权益是深化农村宅基地改革必须把住的主线。新中国成立以来,宅基地制度演进经历了允许房地一体自由买卖、允许房地一体自由转让、禁止向城市居民出售农村住房及宅基地、宅基地腾退机制探索和宅基地多元盘活利用五大阶段。这是农民对宅基地权益诉求变迁和保护内容变化倒逼所致。未来在深化宅基地改革中应以农民土地权益诉求和保护为主要着力点,通过建立完善的市场机制和多元的政府补偿机制,重视宅基地区位差异导致的农民差异化权益需求,坚守改革底线,把握农户权益需求的动态进阶规律。Protecting farmers'land rights and interests is the main line to deepen the reform of rural homestead.Since the founding of new China,the evolution of the homestead system has experienced five stages:allowing the free sale of integrated real estate and land,allowing the free transfer of integrated real estate and land,prohibiting the sale of rural housing and homestead to urban residents,exploring the homestead retreat mechanism and utilizing homestead diversely.This is caused by changes in farmers'demands for homestead rights and interests and changes in protection contents.In the future,in deep-ening the reform of homestead,we shall take farmers'demands for land rights and interests and the protection as the main fo-cus,establish a sound market mechanism and diversified government compensation mechanism,attach importance to the farm-ers'differentiated demands for rights and interests caused by the location differences of homestead,adhere to the bottom line of the reform,and grasp the dynamic progress law of farmers'demands for rights and interests.

关 键 词：宅基地改革 农民土地权益 理论逻辑 深化路径 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]