中国13个地区2021至2022年成人盲和视力损伤的横断面调查  

A cross-sectional survey of blindness and visual impairment among adults in 13 regions of China from 2021 to 2022

作　　者：曹凯 胡爱莲 周希瑗[2] 庄文娟[3] 胡竹林[4] 张铭连 黄文勇[6] 梁小玲[6] 刘庆淮 宋宗明 孙斌 吴峥峥[10] 张弘 邹海东[12] 何伟 徐捷 张青 杨晓慧 俞筱玢 金杉杉 杨一佺 王宁利 金子兵 全国防盲技术指导组 Cao Kai;Hu Ailian;Zhou Xiyuan;Zhuang Wenjuan;Hu Zhulin;Zhang Minglian;Huang Wenyong;Liang Xiaoling;Liu Qinghuai;Song Zongming;Sun Bin;Wu Zhengzheng;Zhang Hong;Zou Haidong;He Wei;Xu Jie;Zhang Qing;Yang Xiaohui;Yu Xiaobin;Jin Shanshan;Yang Yiquan;Wang Ningli;Jin Zibing;Represent the National Committee for Prevention Blindness(Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology,Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology&Visual Sciences,Beijing 100730,China;Department of Ophthalmology,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 408599,China;Ningxia Eye Hospital,Peoples′Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750002,China;Department of Ophthalmology,The Second People′s Hospital of Yunnan Province,Kunming 653100,China;Hebei Eye Hospital,Xingtai 054001,China;Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science,Guangzhou 510060,China;Department of Ophthalmology,Jiangsu Province Hospital,The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China;Henan Eye Hospital,Henan Provincial People′s Hospital,Henan Eye Institute,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Shanxi Eye Hospital,Taiyuan 030002,China;Department of Ophthalmology,Sichuan Provincial Peoples′Hospital,Sichuan Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences,Chengdu 610072,China;Department of Ophthalmology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150001,China;Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center,Shanghai Eye Hospital,Shanghai 200040,China;Dalian He Eye Specialist Hospital,Dalian 116044,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京同仁眼科中心、北京市眼科研究所、北京市眼科学与视觉科学重点实验室,北京100730 [2]重庆医科大学附属第二医院眼科,重庆408599 [3]宁夏回族自治区人民医院宁夏眼科医院,银川750002 [4]云南省第二人民医院眼科,昆明653100 [5]河北省眼科医院,邢台054001 [6]中山大学中山眼科中心、眼病防治全国重点实验室、广东省眼科视觉科学重点实验室,广州510060 [7]南京医科大学第一附属医院、江苏省人民医院眼科,南京210029 [8]河南省人民医院、河南省立眼科医院、河南省眼科研究所,郑州450003 [9]山西省眼科医院眼科,太原030002 [10]四川省医学科学院、四川省人民医院眼科,成都610072 [11]哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院眼科,哈尔滨150001 [12]上海市眼病防治中心、上海市眼科医院,上海200040 [13]大连何氏眼科医院,大连116044 [14]不详

出　　处：《中华眼科杂志》2025年第2期118-124,共7页Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology

摘　　要：目的了解我国成人盲和视力损伤情况及其原因。方法横断面研究。于2021至2022年调查我国13个省、自治区、直辖市(北京市、河北省、江苏省、上海市、广东省、河南省、山西省、宁夏回族自治区、重庆市、云南省、四川省、黑龙江省、辽宁省)18岁及以上成人,分为青年(18~39岁)、中年(40~59岁)及老年人群(≥60岁)。调查项目包括视力、眼压(非接触眼压计测量)、眼前节情况、眼底情况、屈光状态(非散瞳电脑验光)以及基本人口学资料等(问卷),进行眼病诊断和分布分析。采用趋势检验进行统计学处理。结果93123名成人完成调查,总应答率为76.2%(93123/122191);平均年龄为48.8岁(范围为18~101岁)。男性37725名(40.5%),女性55398名(59.5%)。18~39岁者32357名(34.75%),40~59岁者29127名(31.28%),≥60岁者31639名(33.97%);50岁及以上者48763名(52.36%)。按视力较好眼的最佳矫正视力统计,成人盲率、中重度视力损伤(低视力)率、轻度视力损伤率分别为0.30%(280/93123)、2.44%(2270/93123)和5.02%(4679/93123);按视力较差眼的最佳矫正视力统计,在2982名盲和低视力者中,致盲和低视力的前3位眼病(不包括眼外伤和不明原因眼底病)分别为白内障(1271名,占比42.62%)、未矫正的屈光不正(433名,占比14.52%)和病理性近视眼(90名,占比3.02%)。结论2021至2022年我国成人盲率和低视力率分别为0.30%和2.44%。白内障仍是导致我国成人盲和低视力的首要眼病,病理性近视眼已成为导致我国人群不可逆盲的首要眼病。Objective To investigate the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in adults and the related causes in China.MethodsA population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted during 2021 and 2022 among 13 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions,including Beijing,Hebei,Jiangsu,Shanghai,Guangdong,Henan,Shanxi,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Chongqing,Yunnan,Sichuan,Heilongjiang,and Liaoning.Respondents were adults aged 18 years and above,and were classified into groups of young adults(18 to 39 years),middle-age adults(40 to 59 years),and the elderly(≥60 years).The examinations included visual acuity measurement,non-contact tonometry,slit-lamp examination,fundus photography,automatic refraction(non-mydriasis),and demographics(questionnaire).The diagnosis and distribution of eye diseases were analyzed.The Cochran-Armitage test was used for statistical processing.ResultsA total of 93123 adults with a mean age of 48.8 years(range,18 to 101 years)completed the survey,and the response rate was 76.2%(93123/122191).There were 37725 males(40.5%)and 55398 females(59.5%),while 32357(34.75%)were aged 18 to 39,29127(31.28%)were aged 40 to 59,and 31639(33.97%)were aged≥60.According to the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in the better eye of 93123 adults,the blindness,moderate to severe visual impairment(low vision),and mild visual impairment were found in 280,2270,and 4679 patients,respectively.Based on BCVA of the worse eye,the top three causes of blindness and low vision were cataract(1271/2982,42.62%),uncorrected refractive error(433/2982,14.52%),and pathological myopia(90/2982,3.02%),without considering trauma or other undefined fundus diseases.ConclusionsFrom 2021 to 2022,the prevalence rates of blindness and low vision in Chinese adults were 0.30%and 2.44%,respectively.Cataract was the primary eye disease leading to blindness and low vision,and pathological myopia became the major cause of irreversible blindness in the population.

关 键 词：盲 视力 低 横断面研究 抽样研究 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科]