基于三维点云模型的钢桥塔虚拟拼装应用研究  

Application of Virtual Assembly of Steel Bridge Towers Based on 3D Point Cloud Modelling

作　　者：蒲洁 陈维刚 李鹏翔 陈仕军 贺均 PU Jie;CHENG Weigang;LI Pengxiang;CHEN Shijun;HE Jun(Southwest Company of China Construction Eighth Bureau,Chengdu 610051,China)

机构地区：[1]中建八局西南公司,成都610051

出　　处：《交通科技》2025年第1期77-81,共5页Transportation Science & Technology

摘　　要：针对钢桥塔的预制构件传统人工尺寸检测耗时费力、易出错,预拼接工作实地操作困难和成本高等问题,提出基于三维点云模型对钢桥塔预制构件加工精度检测和虚拟拼装的方法。通过制定合理扫描方案获取点云数据并对点云数据预处理,实现对预处理后各节段点云数据进行逆向建模,基于点云模型和设计3D模型比较的误差检测方法,对节段制作精度进行评估;并对满足制作精度的节段,基于点云模型的角点特征约束,完成预拼装。文中以某钢桥塔为实例,结果表明该方法可提高复杂钢结构误差检测和预拼装的效率和精度。Aiming at the problems of time and labor consuming,error-prone nature of traditional manual dimensional inspection of prefabricated components of steel bridge towers,difficulty in on-site operation of pre-splicing work,and high-cost issues,a method based on the 3D point cloud model is proposed for the inspection of machining accuracy of the prefabricated components of steel bridge towers and the virtual splicing.Firstly,the point cloud data is obtained and pre-processed by formulating a reasonable scanning scheme,and then the pre-processed point cloud data of each segment is inversely modelled;secondly,the segment fabrication accuracy is evaluated based on the error detection method of comparing the point cloud model with the 3D model of design;finally,the pre-splicing work is completed based on the constraints of the corner features of the point cloud model on the segments that meet the fabrication accuracy.Taking a steel bridge tower as an example,the experimental results show that the proposed method improves the efficiency and accuracy of error detection and preassembly of complex steel structures.

关 键 词：点云处理 质量检测 虚拟拼装 三维激光扫描 

分 类 号：U445.4[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] U443.38[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]