马克思的资本原始积累与资本积累同一性的当代阐释  

Contemporary Interpretation on the Oneness of Marx's Primitive Accumulation of Capital and Capital Accumulation

作　　者：邰丽华[1] 张瑞祺 TAI Li-hua;ZHANG Rui-qi(School of Marxism,China University of Political Science and Law,100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学马克思主义学院,100088

出　　处：《上海经济研究》2025年第1期19-27,共9页Shanghai Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“人工智能背景下的劳动价值论研究”(项目编号:24AJL001);北京高校中国特色社会主义理论研究协同创新中心(中国政法大学)的阶段性研究成果之一。

摘　　要：马克思笔下的资本原始积累贯穿于资本主义制度产生、发展与灭亡的整个历史进程。“原始”一词不是专有的时间概念,其中包含了野蛮、粗暴或无序等意蕴,旨在揭示斯密预先积累所描述的田园牧歌式假象。劳动者和生产资料的相互分离,既是资本主义生产方式生成的历史起点,又是资本主义制度得以存续的重要保证。基于劳动者丧失生产资料所有权的目标任务,资本的原始积累与资本积累同为资本主义积累的组成部分,彼此之间没有本质的区别。随着资本主义积累的不断进行,资本与劳动之间以及不同资本之间的冲突愈发激烈,生产社会化与生产资料资本主义私有制的矛盾日益尖锐,这是由资本的原始积累或资本积累共同导致的必然趋势,生产资料的社会主义公有制取代资本主义私有制具有理论与实践的自洽。中国特色社会主义进入新时代,只有坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度,不断巩固生产资料公有制的主体地位,充分发挥国有经济的主导作用,才能确保劳动者与生产资料的直接结合。The primitive accumulation of capital in Marx's theory runs through the entire historical process of the birth,rise,and fall of the capitalist system.The term"primitive"is related to the specific context in which Marx critiques Smith's theory of previous accumulation.It is not a concept tied to a specific period of time,but rather carries connotations of barbarism,brutality,or disorder.The separation of laborers from the means of production is both the origin of the capitalist mode of production and an important guarantee for the continued existence of the capitalist system.Based on the goal of the laborers'loss of ownership of the means of production,primitive accumulation of capital and capital accumulation are both components of the accumulation of capitalism,with no essential difference between them.With the rise of capitalist accumulation,the conflicts between capital and labor,as well as different capitals,become increasingly intense.The contradiction between the socialized production and the capitalist private ownership of the means of production sharpens.These are the inevitable trend jointly caused by primitive accumulation of capital and capital accumulation.Therefore,the socialist public ownership of the means of production replacing capitalist private ownership is self-consistent in both theory and practice.Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era,and only by upholding and improving the basic socialist economic system,continuously consolidating the dominant position of public ownership of the means of production,fully leveraging the the dominant role of the state-owned economy,canwe ensure the direct combination of workers with the means of production.

关 键 词：马克思 资本原始积累 资本积累 同一性 现实意义 

分 类 号：F0-0[经济管理—政治经济学]