不同类型有机肥部分替代化肥对马铃薯产量的影响  

Effect of partial substitution of chemical fertilisers with different typesof organic fertilisers on potato yield

作　　者：兰慧青 张婷婷 梁俊梅 张君 李虹谕 安昊 侯建伟 郭雪娇 张诗雨 LAN Huiqing;ZHANG Tingting;LIANG Junmei;ZHANG Jun;LI Hongyu;AN Hao;HOU Jianwei;GUO Xuejiao;ZHANG Shiyu(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;National Soil Quality Wuchuan Observing and Experimental Station,Wuchuan 011705,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of DryFarming,Hohhot 010031,China;Apaxfon(Baotou)Biological Science and Technologies Co.,Ltd.,Tumed Right Banner 014100,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]国家土壤质量武川观测实验站,内蒙古武川011705 [3]内蒙古自治区旱作农业重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [4]元泰丰(包头)生物科技有限公司,内蒙古土默特右旗014100

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2024年第6期83-93,共11页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD190050504);内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2023CXJJN20)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究内蒙古阴山北麓旱作区不同类型有机肥部分替代化肥对马铃薯产量的影响,为该地区马铃薯种植提供参考。【方法】设置施氮磷钾肥(NPK)、NPK+液体有机肥(NPK+LM)、NPK+颗粒有机肥(NPK+GM)、NPK+羊粪有机肥(NPK+SM)和NPK+生物有机肥(NPK+BM)5个处理,分析不同处理对马铃薯产量及产量构成因素、生长指标、植株氮磷钾养分吸收量,土壤水分利用效率和耕层土壤养分含量的影响。【结果】NPK+BM处理马铃薯产量、商品薯产量、商品薯数、单薯重、商品薯率最高,分别为30.83 t/hm^(2)、20.34 t/hm^(2)、8.47万个/hm^(2)、162.86 g/个、65.96%;块茎膨大期马铃薯株高和叶面积指数最高,分别为82.89 cm和8.06,且与NPK处理相比差异显著(P<0.05);收获期马铃薯茎、叶、块茎干物质积累量最高,分别为75.51、67.36、145.81 g/株;收获期植株氮、磷、钾吸收量最高,分别为296.83、36.09和285.92 kg/hm^(2)。NPK+LM处理土壤水分利用效率最高,为128.95 kg/(hm^(2)·mm);NPK+BM处理次之,为113.87 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)。NPK+BM处理土壤速效钾含量最高,为137.33 mg/kg,土壤有效磷、碱解氮、有机质含量较高,分别为25.53 mg/kg、88.68 mg/kg、22.95 g/kg。【结论】NPK+生物有机肥处理能有效促进马铃薯的生长发育、提高作物的养分吸收效率、增加产量,对维持土壤健康状态具有积极作用,可作为内蒙古阴山北麓旱作区较适宜的有机肥部分替代化肥组合。【Objective】To investigate the effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with different types of organic fertilizers on potato yield in the dry farming area of the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia,providing a reference for potato cultivation in this region.【Methods】Five treatments were established,application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer(NPK),NPK+liquid fertilizer(NPK+LM),NPK+granular fertilizer(NPK+GM),NPK+sheep dung fertilizer(NPK+SM),and NPK+bio-organic fertilizer(NPK+BM).The impact of these treatments on potato yield and its components,growth indicators,nutrient uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by plants,soil water use efficiency,and nutrient content in the plow layer soil were analyzed.【Results】The NPK+BM treatment resulted in the highest potato yield,commercial tuber yield,number of commercial tubers,individual tuber weight,and commercial tuber rate,which were 30.83 t/hm^(2),20.34 t/hm^(2),84 700 tubers/hm^(2),162.86 g/tuber,and 65.96%,respectively;during the tuber bulking stage,the plant height and leaf area index of potatoes were the highest,at 82.89 cm and 8.06,respectively,showing significant differences compared to the NPK treatment(P<0.05);at harvest stage,the dry matter accumulation in the stems,leaves,and tubers of potatoes were the highest,at 75.51,67.36,and 145.81 g/plant,respectively;at harvest stage,the highest uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium by plants,at 296.83,36.09,and 285.92 kg/hm^(2),respectively. The NPK+LM treatment had the highest water use efficiency,at 128.95 kg/(hm^(2)·mm),followed by the NPK+BM treatment,at 113.87 kg/(hm^(2)·mm). The NPK+BM treatment had the highest soil fast-acting potassium content of 137.33 mg/kg,and higher soil effective phosphorus,alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen,and organic matter content of 25.53 mg/kg,88.68 mg/kg,and 22.95 g/kg,respectively.【Conclusion】The NPK+bio-organic fertilizer treatment can effectively promote the growth and development of potatoes,and enha

关 键 词：马铃薯 生物有机肥 产量 干物质积累量 土壤养分含量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S14