19世纪世界美术通史写作的传统与方法  

Tradition and Methods of Writing General World Art History in the 19th Century

作　　者：吴京颖 Wu Jingying(Fine Arts School,Hangzhou Normal University)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学美术学院

出　　处：《美术》2025年第2期118-125,137,共9页Art Magazine

基　　金：国家社科基金艺术学青年项目《19世纪德语美术史学科发展研究》(项目编号:21CF187)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：19世纪德语国家的世界美术通史撰写风潮,对之后美术史学科的发展起到了极为关键的作用。这一写作风潮源于当时西方历史观之影响,结合温克尔曼、瓦根、鲁莫尔等德语美术史前辈的研究方法,形成了更为广义的美术史写作范式。库格勒、施纳泽、布克哈特、施普林格等学者参与撰写了第一批真正意义上的世界美术通史著作,他们分别就自己的知识视野,参照历史学、考古学、文化史与文献学等学科研究方法,探索艺术作品与社会环境的关系,并试图揭示美术史的历史规律与发展脉络。这种研究方式不仅塑造了美术通史的写作标准,也引领了20世纪欧美学者对其他文明艺术的关注,为全球美术史的构建奠定了基础。本文回顾了这一写作传统及其方法,探讨了其如何为现代美术史的学科化发展提供了理论支持,并促使美术史专业逐渐成为跨学科、系统化的研究领域。The trend of writing general world art history in German-speaking countries in the 19th Century played a crucial role in the development of the discipline of art history.Originated from the influence of western views of history at that time,such a trend,together with the methods of German art history researchers such as Johann Winckelmann,Waagen and Carl Friedrich von Rumohr,developed into a more general paradigm of writing art history.Scholars such as Franz Kugler,Karl Schnaase,Jacob Burckhardt and Springer participated in writing the first set of general world art history.Referring to the research methods of such disciplines as history,archaeology,cultural history and bibliography,they explored the relationship between artworks and social environment based on their own knowledge,and tried to reveal the laws and development of art history.This research method not only established writing standards of general art history,but aroused the attention of European and American scholars in the 20th Century to the art of other civilizations,laying a foundation for the construction of global art history.This article reviews this writing tradition and its methods,and explores how it provides theoretical support for the development of modern art history as a discipline and helps the major of art history develop into an interdisciplinary and systematic research field.

关 键 词：美术史写作 德语美术史 世界美术通史 学科发展 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]