氮素添加对多年生高寒栽培草地饲草生产性能和营养品质的影响  

Effects of nitrogen addition on forage production performance and nutritional quality of perennial alpine cultivated grassland

作　　者：童永尚 张春平 董全民[1,2,3] 俞旸 曹铨[1,2,3] 杨晓霞 刘文亭 张正社 张振祥 Tong Yongshang;Zhang Chunping;Dong Quanmin;Yu Yang;Cao Quan;Yang Xiaoxia;Liu Wenting;Zhang Zhengshe;Zhang Zhenxiang(Veterinary Medicine and Qinghai Academy of Animal Science,Veterinary Medicine and Academy of Animal Science,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland,Xining 810016,China;Key Laboratory of the Alpine Grassland Ecology in the Three Rivers Region,Ministry of Education Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院/青海省畜牧兽医学院,西宁810016 [2]青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室,西宁810016 [3]青海大学三江源区高寒草地生态教育部重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《植物科学学报》2025年第1期102-110,共9页Plant Science Journal

基　　金：青海省重点研发与转化计划项目(2022-NK-134);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1302104)。

摘　　要：为明确氮素形态和施氮水平对多年生高寒栽培草地饲草生产性能和营养品质的影响,以4年龄栽培草地为研究对象开展了氮添加试验。试验选用尿素(酰胺态氮,U)、硫酸铵(铵态氮,A)和硝酸钙(硝态氮,N)3种氮肥,设置4个施氮水平(0、22.5、45、67.5 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1)),测定并分析不同处理下地上生物量、饲草粗蛋白含量和相对饲喂价值等参数。结果显示,施氮水平对群落地上生物量和饲草粗蛋白含量产生极显著影响(P<0.001),对饲草粗脂肪含量产生显著影响(P<0.05);氮素形态对群落地上生物量影响显著,对饲草粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量影响极显著;群落地上生物量、饲草粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量随着施氮水平的提高呈递增趋势;同等氮水平下,对地上生物量和饲草粗脂肪含量的促进作用表现为U>N>A,对饲草粗蛋白含量的促进作用表现为U>A>N。UT3、AT3和NT3处理下的地上生物量分别较对照提高43.22%、26.54%和33.11%。研究结果表明,酰胺态氮肥、施氮量为67.5 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1)时,多年生栽培草地的生产性能和营养品质综合表现最优。To investigate the effects of nitrogen form and application rate on forage productivity and nutritional quality of perennial alpine cultivated grassland,a nitrogen addition experiment was carried out in June 2022using a 4-year-old cultivated grassland.Three types of nitrogen fertilizers,urea(amide nitrogen,U),ammonium sulfate(ammonium nitrogen,A),and calcium nitrate(nitrate nitrogen,N),were used in the experiment,and four nitrogen application levels(0,22.5,45,and 67.5 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))were set.Parameters such as aboveground biomass,forage crude protein content,and relative feeding value were measured and analyzed across treatments.Results showed that nitrogen application rates had highly significant effects(P<0.001)on community aboveground biomass and forage crude protein content,and significant effects(P<0.05)on forage crude fat content.Nitrogen form significantly influenced aboveground biomass and exhibited highly significant effects on forage crude protein content and crude fat content.Aboveground biomass,forage crude protein,and crude fat content increased with nitrogen application.At the same nitrogen application rate,the promotion effects on aboveground biomass and forage crude fat content followed the order U>N>A,while the promotion effects on forage crude protein content followed U>A>N.Compared to the control(CK)treatment,aboveground biomass under UT3,AT3,and NT3 treatments increased by 43.22%,26.54%,and 33.11%,respectively.Comprehensive evaluation indicated that the T3 level was optimal for enhancing forage productivity and nutritional quality,with amide nitrogen fertilizer,applied at 67.5 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),showing the best combined performance of production and quality of perennial cultivated grassland.

关 键 词：高寒人工草地 生产性能 营养品质 氮素形态 施氮水平 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]