高血压住院患者“三减”知信行状况及影响因素分析  

Analysis on knowledge,beliefs,and behaviors regarding the"three reductions"and their influencing factors in hospitalized patients with hypertension

作　　者：高铭佑 袁润 王楚耘 卞瑾[2] 王宣 潘璧莹 赵霏 李响[1] 陈纪春[1] GAO Mingyou;YUAN Run;WANG Chuyun;BIAN Jin;WANG Xuan;PAN Biying;ZHAO Fei;LI Xiang;CHEN Jichun(Peking Union Medical College,Department of Nutrition,Fuwai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing100037,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京协和医学院中国医学科学院阜外医院营养科,北京100037 [2]北京协和医学院中国医学科学院阜外医院高血压科 [3]北京协和医学院中国医学科学院阜外医院内分泌科 [4]北京营养师协会

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2025年第1期70-75,共6页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中国营养学会营养科研基金(CNS-YUM2022-161)。

摘　　要：目的了解高血压住院患者的“三减”(减油、减盐、减糖)知识、信念和行为(知信行)现状,并分析其影响因素,为高血压防控提供依据。方法2024年3—7月,选取中国医学科学院阜外医院住院高血压患者作为调查对象,采用手机微信问卷对高血压住院患者进行调查。运用相关性分析和多重线性回归模型对患者“三减”的知信行相关因素进行分析。结果调查高血压患者364例。研究对象的知识得分为6.00(4.00,7.00)分,信念得分为35.00(31.00,37.00)分,行为得分为28.00(23.00,34.00)分。信念与行为得分之间存在较强关联性(r=0.51),而知识与行为的关联性较弱(r=0.25)。经多因素调整后,女性知信行和总体水平均优于男性(β=0.12、0.10、0.08、0.08);年龄≥60岁患者的信念(β=0.12)和≥50岁患者的行为和总体更优(β=0.14、0.21);农村患者的知识水平较低(β=-0.12);大学及以上文化程度者拥有更好的信念(β=0.10)。结论住院高血压患者的“三减”信念较强,相关知识较弱。不同年龄、性别、城乡、学历者的知信行存在差异。Objective To understand the status of knowledge,beliefs,and behaviors related to the"Three Reductions"(reducing oil,salt,and sugar)among hospitalized hypertensive patients and to identify the influencing factors,to provide a basis for hypertension of prevention and control.Methods The study population consisted of inpatients with hypertension who were admitted to Fuwai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College between March and July 2024.Data were collected via a mobile phone WeChat questionnaire survey.Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were employed to investigate the factors influencing patients'knowledge,belief,and practice concerning the"Three Reductions".Results A total of 364 hypertension patients were investigated.The median knowledge score of the subjects was 6.00(4.00,7.00),the median belief score was 35.00(31.00,37.00),and the median behavior score was 28.00(23.00,34.00).There is a strong correlation between the belief scores and the behavior scores(β=0.51).whereas the correlation between the knowledge score and the behavior score was relatively weak(r=0.25).After multivariate adjustments,females had better knowledge,belief,and practice overall compared to males(β=0.12,0.10,0.08,0.08).Patients≥60 years old exhibited elevated belief levels(β=0.12),while those≥50 years old demonstrated superior behavioral and pratice overall outcomes(β=0.14,0.21).The knowledge level among rural patients was found to be lower(β=-0.12).Individuals with a college education or higher demonstrated more positive beliefs(β=0.10).Conclusions Inpatients with hypertension exhibited stronger belief in the"Three Reductions"and weaker knowledge about it.Significant differences in knowledge,beliefs,and behaviors were observed across various factors such as age,gender,urban or rural areas,and education level.

关 键 词：高血压 知识 信念 行为 

分 类 号：R151.4[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]