不同形态氮素联合低分子有机碳施用对不结球白菜生长及品质的影响  

Effects of different forms of nitrogen combined with low⁃molecular organic carbon application on growth and quality of non⁃heading Chinese cabbage

作　　者：刘学燕 高明夫 杨伟超[2,3] 徐慧 LIU Xueyan;GAO Mingfu;YANG Weichao;XU Hui(School of Life Science,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China;Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Xinjiang Kuqa Modern Agricultural Science and Innovation Center,Kuqa 842000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学生命科学院,沈阳110036 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [3]新疆库车市现代农业科创中心,新疆库车842000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2025年第2期482-492,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：沈阳市科技计划项目(22⁃322⁃3⁃05)资助。

摘　　要：不同形态氮素联合低分子有机碳施用对植物生长和品质的影响鲜有报道。古龙酸母液(residue af⁃ter evaporation,RAE)是工业维生素C(VC)生产过程中产生的一种以低分子量有机酸——2⁃酮基⁃L⁃古龙酸为主要成分的废弃液。本研究探索尿素(酰胺态氮,Urea⁃N)、硝酸钾(硝态氮,NO_(3)^(-)⁃N)及氯化铵(铵态氮,NH_(4)^(+)⁃N)联合RAE对不结球白菜(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis)生长和品质的影响。结果表明,联合处理可明显提高氮素吸收效率与氮肥偏生产力,RAE促进其他形态氮素转化成植物易吸收的NO_(3)^(-)⁃N,是提高作物氮素吸收效率的关键。RAE+NO_(3)^(-)⁃N处理组的氮素吸收效率以及VC、可溶性蛋白、硝酸盐含量最高。RAE+NH_(4)^(+)⁃N处理组的氮肥偏生产力、生物量和可溶性糖积累水平最高,与该处理组光合色素组分的比例变化密切相关。此外,土壤有效磷和速效钾含量对RAE与不同氮肥组合的响应不同,是导致生物量和品质差异的潜在因素之一。RAE与Urea⁃N或NH_(4)^(+)⁃N联用均可大幅提高作物品质,但这两种组合之间无显著差异。结合氮素吸收效率、氮肥偏生产力、作物产量和品质的变化,RAE与NH_(4)^(+)⁃N组合是最佳选择。Few studies have assessed the effects of different forms of nitrogen combined with low⁃molecular organic carbon application on plant growth and quality.Residue after evaporation(RAE)is a kind of waste liquid generated during industrial vitamin C(VC)production,which is mainly composed of 2⁃keto⁃L⁃gulonic acid,a low⁃molecular⁃weight organic acid.We investigated the effects of urea(amide nitrogen,Urea⁃N),potassium nitrate(nitrate nitro⁃gen,NO_(3)^(-)⁃N),and ammonium chloride(ammonium nitrogen,NH_(4)^(+)⁃N)combined with RAE on the growth and quality of non⁃heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis).The results showed that the combined application could significantly improve nitrogen uptake efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer.RAE promoted the conversion of other forms of nitrogen into the easily absorbed form,NO_(3)^(-)⁃N,which was the key to improve nitrogen uptake efficiency.The nitrogen uptake efficiency,contents of VC,soluble protein and nitrate in RAE+NO_(3)^(-)⁃N treatment were the highest.The partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer,biomass and soluble sugar accumulation levels under RAE+NH_(4)^(+)⁃N treatment were the highest,which was closely related to the propor⁃tion of photosynthetic pigment components.In addition,the response of soil available P and available K content to RAE and different nitrogen fertilizer combinations was different,which potentially led to the difference of biomass and quality.When RAE was applied in combination with Urea⁃N or NH_(4)^(+)⁃N,crop quality could be greatly im⁃proved,but there was no significant difference between the two combinations.Comprehensively considering nitrogen uptake efficiency,partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer,crop yield and quality,the combination of RAE and NH_(4)^(+)⁃N was the best choice.

关 键 词：氮素吸收效率 氮肥偏生产力 有机酸 维生素C 硝酸盐 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]