近60年黄河源区水源涵养不同功能时空变化及其影响因素  

Spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of different functions of water retention in the source re⁃gion of Yellow River in the past 60 years

作　　者：王东东 贾仰文[1] 牛存稳[1] 岁姚炳 燕翔 WANG Dongdong;JIA Yangwen;NIU Cunwen;SUI Yaobing;YAN Xiang(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resource and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2025年第2期684-694,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201105);国家自然科学基金项目(52279030,52009140)资助。

摘　　要：黄河源区水源涵养功能对下游水资源安全和生态保护具有重要作用,研究其水源涵养功能时空分布及其影响因素有利于黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展。根据黄河源区1957—2016年气象水文数据,采用Mann⁃Kendall检验法和Pettitt突变点分析法,研究了各要素的变化趋势和突变情况,并利用水文模拟归因法研究了气候变化和人类活动因素对径流变化的贡献;利用WEP⁃L模型对1957—2016年黄河源区水源涵养量及不同功能时空变化进行了研究,最后综合分析不同因素对源区水源涵养功能的影响。结果表明:1957—2016年黄河源区气温增加趋势明显;根据径流突变年份(1989)将径流序列划分为基准期(1956—1989)和变化期(1990—2016),利用水文模型得到气候变化和人类活动(土地利用变化)对1990年后径流减少的贡献率分别占32%和68%;源区1957—2016年水源涵养量多年变化呈不显著增加趋势,变化率为0.36 mm·a^(-1),北部、西部地区变化期水源涵养量增加,南部和东南部变化期减少;水源涵养各功能中维持植被用水、补枯、削洪等功能多年变化均呈增加趋势,但变化期东南部地区补枯功能有所减弱;综合分析表明,降水量是影响水源涵养功能演变的主要因素,而近年来气温通过改变下垫面条件间接影响水源涵养功能。The water retention functions in the source region of the Yellow River play a vital role in water resource security and ecological protection in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.The research on the spatiotemporal varia⁃tions of water retention functions and their influencing factors in the source region of the Yellow River is conducive to the ecological protection and high⁃quality development of the basin.Based on the meteorological and hydrological data of the source region of the Yellow River from 1957 to 2016,we estimated the change trend and mutation time of meteorological and hydrological factors by Mann⁃Kendall test and Pettitt mutation analysis method,and examined the contribution of climate change and human activities to runoff variation using hydrological simulation attribution method.Further,we applied the WEP⁃L model to estimate the spatial and temporal variations of the amount of water retention and various water retention functions in the source region of the Yellow River,and comprehensively analyzed the influence of different factors on the water retention functions.The results showed that temperature sig⁃nificantly increased from 1957 to 2016.According to the mutation time of the runoff,the runoff sequence was divid⁃ed into the base period(1956-1989)and the change period(1990-2016).The contribution of climate change and human activities(land use change)to the decrease of runoff during the change period was 32%and 68%,respectively.The amount of water retention showed a non⁃significant increasing trend from 1957 to 2016,with a rate of 0.36 mm·a^(-1).The amount of water retention in the northern and western regions increased during the change period,while it decreased in the southern and southeastern parts of the study area.Among the functions of water retention,the functions of maintaining vegetation water use,replenishing basic flows,and reducing floods showed an increasing trend over the years,but the function of replenishing basic flows weakened in the southeast region during t

关 键 词：水源涵养功能 WEP⁃L模型 归因分析 气候变化 黄河源区 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]