生境破碎化与生物多样性响应:争议、归因与展望  

Habitat fragmentation and biodiversity response: Controversy, attribution, and prospects

作　　者：曹宇 邓卜洋[1] 王雅娟 叶嘉洋 苏丹 方晓倩 CAO Yu;DENG Boyang;WANG Yajuan;YE Jiayang;SU Dan;FANG Xiaoqian(School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Land Academy for National Development Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院,杭州310058 [2]浙江大学土地与国家发展研究院,杭州310058

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2025年第2期625-636,共12页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42371295)资助。

摘　　要：当下全球生态系统日益退化,生境破碎化对生物多样性的影响是生物多样性保护的重要议题。然而,生境破碎化对生物多样性产生的负面或正面影响都能够得到相关研究的支持,对立观点的并存与交流日益演变为基于固有立场的争辩,严重制约了该研究领域的进一步发展以及对生物多样性保护实践的理论指导。本文综述了生境破碎化的内涵、量度方法以及不同层次的生物多样性内涵,基于不同生物多样性层次展现了学界针对该问题存在的观点分歧,发现学界对于该问题的分歧在生物多样性的遗传、物种和生态系统层次均有存在。本文剖析了出现这些分歧的原因,并探讨了当前研究存在的问题和未来的发展方向。As global ecosystems continue to degrade, the impact of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity has become a critical issue in biodiversity conservation. However, both negative and positive impacts of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity have been reported in different studies. The coexistence and exchange of opposing views has increasingly evolved into debates based on inherent positions, which seriously restricts the further research development and the theoretical guidance of biodiversity conservation. We reviewed the connotation and measurement methods of habitat fragmentation, as well as the connotation of different levels of biodiversity. We revealed the academic divergence on this issue at different levels of biodiversity, and found such divergence at the genetic, species and ecosystem levels of biodiversity. We analyzed the reasons for these differences, and discussed the existing problems and directions of future research.

关 键 词：生境破碎化 生物多样性 斑块 景观 景观空间格局 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]