tsRNA在消化系统恶性肿瘤信号通路调控及诊断预后中的作用  

Roles of tsRNA in the regulation of signaling pathways and diagnosis and prognosis of malignant tumors of the digestive system

作　　者：陈楚嘉 胡萌 严嘉宁[2] 叶国良[2] CHEN Chujia;HU Meng;YAN Jianing;YE Guoliang(Health Science Center,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;Department of Gastroenterology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University,Ningbo 315020,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学医学部,宁波315211 [2]宁波大学附属第一医院消化内科,宁波315020

出　　处：《生命的化学》2025年第1期125-134,共10页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2024KY1515);宁波市省市共建医学重点学科项目(2022-S04);宁波市重点技术研发项目(2021Z133)。

摘　　要：消化系统恶性肿瘤是一类由多因素影响的疾病,发病率和病死率均较高,致病机制尚不明确。转运RNA衍生的小RNA(tRNA-derived small RNA,tsRNA)作为一种新型的非编码小RNA受到广泛关注。根据tRNA上核酸酶切割位点的差异,tsRNA可分为tRNA半分子和tRNA衍生片段。大量研究已证实,tsRNA可通过调节靶基因或信号通路参与癌症的各种生物学过程。此外,tsRNA分布广泛、表达稳定,在肿瘤诊断和预后方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了tsRNA的起源和分类,总结了tsRNA在消化系统恶性肿瘤中的信号通路调控机制和功能失调作用,重点探讨了tsRNA作为消化系统恶性肿瘤诊断和预后生物标志物的临床前景,为将来相关癌症研究提供新思路。Malignant tumors of the digestive system are a group of multifactorial diseases with high morbidity and case fatality rate,and the pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear.Transporter RNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs)have received widespread attention as a novel type of non-coding small RNAs.According to the differences of nuclease cleavage sites on t RNA,tsRNA can be categorized into tRNA halves and tRNA-derived fragments.A large number of studies have confirmed that tsRNA can participate in various biological processes in cancer by regulating target genes or signaling pathways.In addition,tsRNA are widely distributed and stably expressed,and have broad application prospects in tumor diagnosis and prognosis.In this paper,we introduce the origin and classification of tsRNA,summarize the signaling pathway regulatory mechanisms and dysfunctional roles of tsRNA in digestive malignancies,and focus on the clinical prospects of tsRNA in diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of digestive malignancies,which will provide new ideas for future related cancer research.

关 键 词：消化系统恶性肿瘤 tRNA衍生的小RNA 信号通路 诊断标志物 预后标志物 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]