文化交流视域下“sman rtse”一词的词源及其所属范畴考释  

The Etymology and Category of the Word‘sman rtse’from the Perspective of Cultural Communication

作　　者：嘉央坚措 Jamyang Gyatso(Xizang University)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省民族宗教研究中心 [2]西藏大学中华民族共同体研究院

出　　处：《青海师范大学学报(藏文版)》2024年第4期92-99,共8页Journal of Qinghai Normal University (Tibetan language)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“藏传佛教大辞典”(藏汉双解)(12&ZD127)。

摘　　要：藏文文献《红史》《雅隆尊者教法史》《西藏王统记》《青史》及《新红史》中,“sman rtse”一词出现了不同的书写形式。前贤们对“sman rtse”一词含义的解释也不尽相同,该词在不同的藏语语境中有不同的意义和所指。文章综合运用词源学与文献学的研究方法,探究了“sman rtse”一词的历史演变与意义内涵。首先,根据藏文史籍成书先后顺序,对“sman rtse”一词在各个历史时期所呈现的变体形式进行梳理,指出“sman rtse”一词在不同的历史阶段承载着不同的文化内涵。其次,考察了学术界对该词的解释,认为同一词汇在藏文文献中有“sman tse”“sman tsi”“sman tshe”“man tse”以及“dman tse”等多种书写形式,意味着该词为外来借词。最后,结合历史事实,考察了该词在不同时期体现的不同含义,春秋战国时期指“蛮夷之地”,汉代指“南方曰蛮”,唐代指“云南六诏蛮”,元代主要指长江以南部分地区。根据刘立千先生对《西藏王统记》的注解,“sman”是元代蒙古人对宋人的一种称谓或是某种丝绸名称。笔者认为,“sman rtse”一词是汉语“蛮”的音译,随着社会发展、流传范围的变化,其在写法上出现了很多变体。The phenomenon of borrowing words due to language contact has become an academic resource for studying the cultural exchanges between ethnic groups. The Tibetan word ‘sman rtse ’ corresponds to the Chinese word ‘man-zi ’ , which illustrates the extensive exchange and integration between Tibetan and Chinese cultures. A significant historical figure who promoted the cultural exchange between the Han and Tibetan peoples was the last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, who was respectfully referred to as ‘sman rtse lha btsun ’ in Tibetan. This is a strong testament to the cultural exchange. In early Tibetan historical texts such as deb ther dmar po, yar lung jo bo’i chos ’byung, rgyal rabs gsal ba’i me long, deb ther sngon po , and deb ther dmar po gsar ma ,the word ‘sman rtse ’ exhibits a variety of writing forms, and the interpretations of this word by predecessors are not uniform. The article comprehensively uses etymological and philological research methods to explore the historical evolution and meaning of the word ‘sman rtse ’. First, based on the chronological order of different Tibetan historical texts, it systematically sorts out the variant forms of the word ‘sman rtse ’ in different historical periods, pointing out that the word ‘sman rtse ’ carries different cultural connotations and historical backgrounds in different historical periods. Second, it examines the different interpretations of the word in academia, striving to provide detailed annotations and analyses, and believes that the same word appears in various writing forms in Tibetan texts, often indicating that the word is a foreign loanword. Finally, combined with historical facts, it examines the actual meanings and name changes of the word in different historical periods.

关 键 词：“sman rtse” 文化交流 历史背景 词义演变 

分 类 号：I06[文学—文学理论]