煤矿矿区地面生态环境特征模型及损伤阈值界定研究  

Research on the characteristics model and damage threshold definition of ground ecological environment in coal mining areas

作　　者：张健 黄辉[2] 赵家巍 周平平 白冰 王紫鑫 ZHANG Jian;HUANG Hui;ZHAO Jiawei;ZHOU Pingping;BAI Bing;WANG Zixin(School of Mining and Geomatics Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan,Hebei 056038,China;Xingdong Mine of Jizhong Energy Co.,Ltd.,Xingtai,Hebei 054000,China;School of Civil Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan,Hebei 056038,China;Hebei Industry Technology Research Institute of Coal Mine Ecological Protection and Mining,Handan,Hebei 056038,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学矿业与测绘工程学院,河北省邯郸市056038 [2]冀中能源股份有限公司邢东矿,河北省邢台市054000 [3]河北工程大学土木工程学院,河北省邯郸市056038 [4]河北省煤矿生态保护开采产业技术研究院,河北省邯郸市056038

出　　处：《中国煤炭》2025年第1期32-39,共8页China Coal

基　　金：煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室开放基金(GJNY-20-113-15)。

摘　　要：煤矿开采活动对地表的主要扰动包括地表变形、水资源变化和环境污染,可能导致地裂缝、塌陷坑、地下水位下降及煤矸石污染等问题。为阐明矿区地表生态系统的构成及其各要素之间的相互作用,提出了生态损伤阈值设定方法,介绍了涵盖土地利用类型、景观格局、植被覆盖度、物种多样性、地表水系等综合量化指标体系。通过遥感技术和实地调查相结合的形式,形成了矿区地表生态评价模型,针对矿区地表建筑物、道路、农田等关键区域的生态损伤阈值的设定提出见解。以冀中能源股份有限公司邢东矿开采为例,分析地表生态元素特征及损伤保护模型,展示了该技术理念的应用优势。基于研究结果,采用合理阈值和动态监测能够有效减少矿区生态环境的破坏,促进资源开发与环境保护的协调发展,实现矿区生态系统的可持续发展。Coal mining activities exert significant disturbances on the surface,including surface deformation,changes in water resources,and environmental pollution,which can lead to ground fissures,subsidence craters,groundwater level declining,coal gangue contamination and other problems.To elucidate the composition of the surface ecosystem in coal mining areas and the interactions among its various elements,a scientific and rational method for setting ecological damage thresholds was proposed,and a comprehensive quantification index system was briefly introduced,which encompassed land use types,landscape patterns,vegetation coverage,species diversity,surface water systems and other factors.A surface ecological assessment model for mining areas was developed by integrating remote sensing technology with field surveys to provide suggestions on setting ecological damage thresholds for key areas such as surface buildings,roads,and farmland in mining areas.Taking the Xingdong mine of Jizhong Energy Co.,Ltd.as an example,the elements characteristics and the damage protection model for of surface ecology were analyzed,demonstrating the application advantages of this technology and concept.Based on the research findings,the adoption of appropriate thresholds and dynamic monitoring could effectively mitigate the destruction of the ecological environment in mining areas,promote the coordinated development of resource exploitation and environmental protection,and achieve sustainable development of the mining area's ecosystem.

关 键 词：煤炭开采 生态环境模拟 植被损伤 保护阈值 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]