城市公园及周边景观格局对冷岛效应的影响——以福建省福州市为例  

Influence of urban parks and surrounding landscape patterns on cold island effect—A case study of Fuzhou City,Fujian Province

作　　者：刘晟龙 谢慧黎 陈凌秀 戴洪霞 张娇[1] 许梦杰 陈思韬 刘兴诏 Liu Shenglong;Xie Huili;Chen Lingxiu;Dai Hongxia;Zhang Jiao;Xu Mengjie;Chen Sitao;Liu Xingzhao(College of Landscape Architecture and Art,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;School of Design and the Built Environment,Curtin University,Perth 6102,Australia)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学风景园林与艺术学院,福建福州350002 [2]科廷大学设计与建筑环境学院,澳大利亚珀斯6102

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2025年第1期296-305,共10页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：福建省科技创新项目“基于山水林田湖草系统的闽江流域生态安全格局”(KY-090000-04-2021-012);福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目“城市蓝绿空间冷岛效应的驱动机制及优化策略研究”(KFB23171)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析福州城市公园及周边景观格局对冷岛效应的影响,量化不同冷岛效应类型公园降温效果及景观配置特征,为了解城市公园冷岛效应、缓解城市高温提供科学依据。[方法]根据《福州市城市公园名录》筛选23个城市公园,基于Landsat 8,GF-1等遥感数据采用辐射传输方程反演地表温度,分析公园规模、形状、公园及其周边景观组成、植被覆盖、建筑高度以及经济发展水平要素与冷岛效应的相关关系;拟合公园面积与累计冷岛效应梯度对数函数曲线,计算公园效率阈值;基于降温效果划分公园冷岛效应类型并分析各类型降温特点与公园配置。[结果](1)福州市主城区热岛效应显著,公园降温效果明显。(2)公园冷岛效应与公园的规模、形状以及公园和周边景观组成要素相关性显著,与植被覆盖要素相关性较弱,与建筑高度、经济发展水平要素无显著相关性。(3)福州城市公园的降温效率阈值为0.22 hm^(2)。(4)基于归一化公园平均温度和累计冷岛效应梯度将公园划分为强冷岛效应型、较强冷岛效应型以及弱冷岛效应型3类。不同类型公园有着不同的降温效果以及景观格局分别适合布置于郊区、市区以及用地局促的人流密集区。[结论]未来在公园规划布局中应充分考虑公园冷岛效应类型及其景观格局,合理布局公园规模和景观组成,以求用最小公园规模最大限度地缓解城市热岛效应。[Objective]The influence of urban parks and surrounding landscape patterns on the cold island effect in Fuzhou City,Fujian Province,was analyzed,and the cooling impacts and landscape configurations of parks with different types of cold island effect were quantified.in order to provide a scientific basis for understanding the cold island effect of urban parks and alleviating high urban temperatures.[Methods]Twenty-three parks were selected from the list of urban parks in Fuzhou City,and the radiative transfer equation was used to invert the land surface temperature based on Landsat 8 and GF-1 as well as other remote sensing data.For each park,the correlations between the scale,shape,internal and surrounding landscape components,vegetation coverage,building height,and economic development and the exerted cold island effect were analyzed.A logarithmic function curve was fitted between park area and the cumulative gradient of the cold island effect to calculate the cooling efficiency threshold.The cooling effect was used as basis to divide the types of cold island effect of parks,and the respective cooling characteristics and park configurations were analyzed.[Results]①The heat island effect in the main urban area of Fuzhou City was significant,and the cooling effect of the parks was obvious provided noticeable cooling.②The cold island effect of parks was significantly correlated with the scale,shape,and internal and surrounding landscape components and weakly correlated with vegetation coverage,while there were no significant correlations with building height and economic development.③The cooling efficiency threshold of parks in Fuzhou City was 0.22 hm^(2).④The types of cold island effect of parks were divided into strong,sub-strong,and low based on the normalized average temperature and cumulative gradient of the cold island effect.Each type hads distinct cooling effects and landscape patterns suitable for suburban,urban,and crowded areas with limited land.[Conclusion]Future park planning and layout should

关 键 词：城市公园 冷岛效应 景观格局 效率阈值 福州市 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]