新型电力系统背景下煤电机组容量补偿电价核算  

Capacity Compensation Price Accounting of Coal-Fired Units Under the Background of New Power System

作　　者：王永利[1] 郭文慧 李雨洋 郭璐 张宇泽 WANG Yongli;GUO Wenhui;LI Yuyang;GUO Lu;ZHANG Yuze(School of Economics and Management,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学经济与管理学院,北京市102206

出　　处：《电力建设》2025年第2期180-192,共13页Electric Power Construction

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72371101);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(22YJA630093)。

摘　　要：我国正处于电力市场化改革初期,随着燃煤发电利用小时逐步下降,煤电机组难以仅凭电能量价格收回全部固定成本,易引发电价剧烈波动,进而冲击社会经济。为了弥补煤电作为支撑电源在发电量、利用小时数以及运行状态的损耗问题,文章结合国家出台的容量电价政策,构建了以机组补偿容量核算模型为基础的煤电机组容量补偿电价模型,并针对工商业用户提出了容量补偿费用分摊计算方法。首先,基于煤电机组可用容量、煤电厂用电及检修情况构建补偿容量核算模型;其次,利用K-means聚类算法确定煤电机组发电概率范围,构建考虑固定成本、容量补贴因子及盈亏平衡点利用小时的容量补偿电价模型,并形成以此为基础的工商业用户容量费用分摊计算方法。最后,利用算例仿真对G省A、B、C三个电厂的容量电价等因素进行评估,进一步验证了煤电容量补偿电价测算对煤电机组及用户具有深远影响。传统燃煤机组应当把握政策机遇,推动煤电机组向系统调节性和基础保障性电源转型,为构建新型电力系统保驾护航。China is in the early stages of power market reform.With the gradual decline in the utilization hours of coal-fired power generation,it is difficult for coal-fired power units to recover all fixed costs by electricity price alone.This can trigger sharp fluctuations in electricity prices,which in turn has socio-economic impacts.To compensate for the loss of coal power in power generation,this study considers utilization hours and operation status.Combined with the capacity price policy issued by the state,based on the unit compensation capacity accounting model,this study developed a capacity compensation price model for coal-fired power units and proposed a capacity compensation cost allocation method for industrial and commercial users.First,a compensation capacity accounting model was constructed based on the available capacity,power consumption,and maintenance of coal-fired power plants.Second,the K-means clustering algorithm was used to determine the probability of power generation of coal-fired units,and a capacity compensation electricity price model considering the fixed cost,capacity subsidy factor,and profit and loss balance point utilization hours was constructed.A capacity cost allocation method for industrial and commercial users was established based on this.Through the above analysis,the capacity price and other factors of power plants A,B,and C in G province are evaluated by simulations.The simulations verify the calculation of the coal power capacity compensation price,which has a far-reaching impact on coal power units and users.Therefore,traditional coal-fired units should seize policy opportunities to promote their transformation into system regulations and basic security power units to help build a new type of power system.

关 键 词：煤电容量补偿 煤电容量电价 容量补贴因子 K-MEANS聚类 发电概率 

分 类 号：TM611[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]