美国维护认知安全的行动布局、内在逻辑与制约因素  

The Operational Layout,Inherent Logic,and Constraining Factors of the United States in Maintaining Cognitive Security

作　　者：刘文龙 曹飞翠 Liu Wenlong;Cao Feicui

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学国家安全学院,北京100038 [2]对外经济贸易大学国际关系学院,北京100029

出　　处：《国际论坛》2025年第1期21-41,156,157,共23页International Forum

摘　　要：当前,全球认知战愈演愈烈,认知安全问题正在引发世界各国的普遍关注。认知安全是以民众认知思维为中心的安全问题,已经超越了传统国家安全防御屏障,即便身为霸权的美国,也深受来自国内外各类行为体的认知侵扰和攻击,不仅存在国际层面的认知安全焦虑,同时也面临国内层面的认知安全危机。从维护认知安全的核心链条角度来看,美国在网络信息内容治理、数据和算法治理以及增强民众认知韧性和复原力方面分别加强了行动布局。就本质而言,美国的认知安全防御行动具有攻守互通的内在逻辑:一方面,它采取“以守为攻”的逻辑从国内和国际两个层面构筑认知安全防御逻辑;另一方面,它又采取“以攻为守”的逻辑从确定认知对抗目标、发挥认知战略优势、打造信息操纵矩阵等方式构筑认知攻击逻辑。然而,美国认知安全战略布局并非一帆风顺,其在维护过程中也面临防御技术创新不足、国内共识难以形成、平台责任无法落实以及联盟合作阻碍重重等问题。放眼世界,认知安全正在成为国家安全的重要一环,中国应及时加强认知安全战略布局,促进中国总体安全发展。Currently,as the global cognitive warfare intensifies,cognitive security is attracting widespread attention around the world.Since cognitive security,as a security issue centered on the human brain,has transcended the traditional national security defense barriers,even the United States,a hegemonic power,is deeply affected by cognitive intrusions and attacks from various actors at home and abroad.It not only has cognitive security anxieties at the international level but also faces a cognitive security crisis at the domestic level.From the perspective of the core chain for maintaining cognitive security,the United States has strengthened its operational layout in Internet information content governance,data and algorithm governance,and enhancing people’s cognitive resilience.In essence,the cognitive security defense actions of the United States have an inherent logic of interaction between offense and defense.On the one hand,the United States adopts a“defense as offense”logic to construct a cognitive security defense at both domestic and international levels.On the other hand,the United States adopts an“offense as defense”logic to construct a cognitive attack by determining cognitive confrontation targets,exerting cognitive strategic advantages,and constructing an information manipulation matrix.However,the strategic layout of cognitive security in the United States is not without obstacles.In the maintenance process,it also faces problems such as insufficient innovation in defense technology,difficulty in forming domestic consensus,inability to implement platform responsibilities,and numerous obstacles in alliance cooperation.Looking to the future,cognitive security will become an important part of national security.China should strengthen the strategic layout of cognitive security in a timely manner to promote the overall security development.

关 键 词：认知安全 认知域竞争 认知战 国家安全 数字技术 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]