从流行音乐看美国大选:极化年代的“狗哨政治”  

Observing the U.S.Election through Pop-Music:Dog-Whistle Politics in a Polarized Age

作　　者：李优 Li You

机构地区：[1]中山大学国际关系学院,广东珠海519082

出　　处：《国际论坛》2025年第1期136-155,160,共21页International Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“美国‘民主援助’对南亚的影响及我国的应对研究”(项目号:22CGJ030)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为大众艺术重要组成部分的流行音乐,为窥探一国宏观社会与政治变迁提供了独特的分析视角。随着社会贫富分化深度发展,美国政治极化在大众艺术层面亦有所反映。作为政治精英沟通底层民众的“桥梁”,流行音乐成为民主、共和两党操弄“狗哨政治”、团结选民基本盘的重要工具,反映出美国社会中“政治”与“娱乐”之间愈发模糊的界限。2024年是美国总统大选年,政治极化、流行音乐与“狗哨政治”高度重合:总统候选人利用竞选歌曲中的“狗哨”塑造特定人设,并在情感与意识形态层面对选民基本盘施加影响,攻击对立阵营;流行歌手在音乐创作中嵌入“狗哨”,为流行音乐的旋律和歌词赋予象征符号与政治意义,通过表达支持或反对某一总统候选人,扩大其文化和政治影响力。选民群体借助流行音乐中的“狗哨”,在“政治正确”文化环境下获得群体归属感,污名化对立阵营。探讨政治极化、流行音乐与“狗哨政治”三者之间关系,不仅有利于拓展音乐政治学的研究议题,也有助于加深对美国选举政治的理解。As an integral part of popular art,pop-music provides a unique analytical perspective for observing broader social and political transformations at a micro-level.With a widening wealth gap in American society,political polarization has frequently appeared in popular art.Serving as a“bridge”between political elites and the people,pop-music has become a vital tool for both the Democratic and Republican parties to engage in“dog-whistle politics”and consolidate their respective voter bases.Such a phenomenon shows that the boundary between“politics”and“entertainment”in the U.S.has become increasingly blurred.In the 2024 U.S.presidential election,political polarization,pop-music,and“dog-whistle politics”are closely intertwined.Presidential candidates utilize“dog whistles”in campaign songs to publicize their designed personas and appeal emotionally and ideologically to core voters,while undermining the opposing camp.Musicians insert“dog whistles”in music,infusing melodies and lyrics with political undertones.By either supporting or opposing a specific presidential candidate,they also sought to expand their cultural and political influence.Through“dog whistles”in pop-music,voters gain a sense of belonging in a culture of political correctness while simultaneously stigmatizing their opposers.Examining the dialectical relationship between political polarization,pop-music,and“dog-whistle politics”not only enriches the study of music in politics but also deepens our understanding of U.S.elections.

关 键 词：美国大选 音乐政治学 政治极化 流行音乐 “狗哨政治” 

分 类 号：D73[政治法律—政治学]