积极安乐死有限出罪的理论根据与适用条件辨析  

Analysis of Theoretical Basis and Applicable Conditions for Limited Exemption of Active Euthanasia

作　　者：励蒂 LI Di(China Merchants Bank Co.,Ltd.Shanghai Branch,Shanghai 200120)

机构地区：[1]招商银行上海分行

出　　处：《犯罪研究》2024年第6期50-57,共8页Chinese Criminology Review

摘　　要：积极安乐死在我国司法实践中多被认定为具有特殊情节的故意杀人行为。学界针对积极安乐死的非罪化讨论一直未能取得共识,分为有罪说和无罪说两种观点。本文以社会危害性、被害人承诺和期待可能性作为积极安乐死有限出罪的理论根据,并参考安乐死合法化国家的法律规定探索积极安乐死出罪的适用条件。司法实践中,可以通过对刑法“但书”条款的细化,明确被害人特征、行为人主观恶性的具体认定标准。被害人承诺理论在积极安乐死行为中须符合具有完全民事行为能力的被害人充分自主表达的要求,不能适用推定同意机制。期待可能性理论因其具有对法定的责任减免事由的解释机能以及作为超法规的责任阻却事由的双重功能,可于司法实践中为符合伦理常情的积极安乐死行为提供出罪路径。Active euthanasia is often considered as a special case of intentional homicide in China's judicial practice.The academic community has not reached a consensus on the non-criminalization of active euthanasia,with debates divided into two main viewpoints:the guilty theory and the non-guilty theory.The theoretical foundation for the limited criminalization of active euthanasia is based on the social harm,victim commitment,and the possibility of expectation,and the legal provisions of countries that legalize euthanasia are referenced to explore the applicable conditions for the criminalization of active euthanasia.In judicial practice,the provisos of the criminal law can be understood in detail to clarify the applicable conditions for victim characteristics,the subjectivity of the perpetrator,and the method of implementation.The theory of victim's commitment in active euthanasia behavior needs to conform to the characteristic context of the victim's full autonomy expression with civil liability capacity,and use it as the basis for exemption.The theory of expectation possibility,due to its dual function of interpreting statutory responsibility reduction reasons and serving as a cause of non-imputablitiy beyond the law,can provide a path for exemption in judicial practice for active euthanasia behavior that conforms to ethical norm.

关 键 词：积极安乐死 社会危害性 被害人承诺 期待可能性 自主决定 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]