医王的多面:耆婆图像在亚洲的跨文化想象  

The Many Faces of the King of Physicians:The Cross-cultural Imagination of Jīvaka's Image in Asia

作　　者：陈明[1,2,3] Chen Ming

机构地区：[1]北京大学 [2]北京大学外国语学院 [3]教育部人文社科重点研究基地北京大学东方文学研究中心

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2025年第1期33-52,152,153,F0003,共23页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“古代东方文学插图本史料集成及其研究”(16ZDA199)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：耆婆(Jīvaka)是与佛陀同时代的一名医生,他虽因医术高超而在汉译佛经中被称为“医王”,但在以印度教理论为基础的传统医学典籍中,并未获得佛教医王这样的地位。自中古以来,耆婆的故事、传说与图像不仅出现在犍陀罗地区,而且流传到克孜尔、敦煌、于阗等丝绸之路的重镇,并东传到东亚的朝鲜半岛与日本;与此同时,还沿着海上丝绸之路流传到东南亚地区。在广泛搜集耆婆相关图像的基础上,重点分析这些图像在亚洲多个地区的不同表现类型及跨文化流传的特点,能够揭示长时段、跨区域、多民族的不同人群对耆婆图像的各种想象,以及形成这些想象的具体原因。Jīvaka,a physician of the same era as the Buddha,is referred to as the“King of Physicians”in Chinese-translated Buddhist scriptures due to his exceptional medical skills.However,in traditional medical texts based on Hindu doctrines,he does not hold the status akin to that of the Buddhist“King of Physicians”.Since the medieval period,stories,legends,and depictions of Jīvaka have not only been present in the Gandhara region but also have spread to significant silk road cities such as Kizil,Dunhuang,and Khotan,extending further east to the Korean peninsula and Japan.Concurrently,they have been disseminated to Southeast Asia via the maritime silk road.This paper,based on an extensive compilation of Jīvaka-related imagery,primarily analyzes the diverse representational types of these images across various regions in Asia and their characteristics in cross-cultural dissemination.It seeks to uncover the varied imaginations of Jīvaka's imagery by people over an extended period,across multiple regions and among different ethnicities,as well as to investigate the reasons behind the formation of these imaginations.

关 键 词：耆婆 图像 文化想象 跨文化流传 

分 类 号：B948[哲学宗教—宗教学]