中国古代小说评点中的发散思维  

Divergent Thinking in the Commentaries of Chinese Classic Novels

作　　者：刘勇强[1] Liu Yongqiang

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2025年第1期53-72,153,F0003,共22页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

摘　　要：在中国古代小说评点中存在不少借题发挥、游离于文本之外的话语,这些话语大致可以分为四类:体验性评点将生活经历融入小说情境从而激发读者的阅读想象;互文性评点通过相关文本的比附,为意义延展提供宽广语境;寓言性评点将文体特点转化为阅读习惯;游戏性评点则带来“一笑”了之的阅读快感。这些评点体现了一种发散思维,反映了古代小说文体的开放性及读者的自由审美旨趣,从不同维度拓展了小说的阅读空间。以上各类评点既随机而发,又浑然一体,既相映成趣,又相互生发,并与更具针对性、本体性的内涵式评点共同营造开合自如的阅读语境。因此,古代小说评点中的发散思维不但具有文学批评史方面的理论价值,而且对阅读史研究具有参考意义。There are many digressions and discourses that deviate from the text in the commentaries of Chinese classic novels,which can be roughly divided into four categories:experiential commentaries,which integrate life experiences into the narrative context to stimulate reading imagination;intertextual commentaries,which provide a broad context for the extension of meaning through comparative references to related texts;allegorical commentaries,which transform stylistic features into reading habits;and gameplay commentaries,which bring a sense of reading pleasure through humor.These commentaries reflect a form of divergent thinking,showcasing the openness of the genre of Chinese classic novels and the readers'freedom of appreciation,while expanding the reading space of novels from different dimensions.Different types of commentaries are spontaneous and cohesive,complementing and enhancing each other,thereby creating an open and comfortable reading context alongside more targeted and ontological internal commentaries.Therefore,the divergent thinking in the commentaries on Chinese classic novels not only has theoretical value in the history of literary criticism but also holds significance as a reference in the history of reading.

关 键 词：小说评点 体验 互文 寓言 游戏 

分 类 号：I242[文学—中国文学]