俄罗斯人工智能军事化的新进展、动因及安全影响  

New Developments,Motivations,and Security Implications of the Militarization of Artificial Intelligence in Russia

作　　者：武琼 Wu Qiong

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学阿拉伯学院(中国阿拉伯国家研究院)

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2025年第1期81-98,162,163,共20页Russian,East European & Central Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(22&ZD51)的资助。

摘　　要：俄罗斯人工智能军事化的新进展主要体现在以下五方面:第一,从国家层面构筑军用人工智能发展战略体系;第二,建立和完善军用人工智能管理机构;第三,研发人工智能军事化项目;第四,推动人工智能军事化项目的实战化运用;第五,加强与长期盟友和合作伙伴的人工智能军事化合作。俄罗斯之所以高度重视人工智能军事化的发展,主要是基于以下五方面原因:俄罗斯素有重视军事技术的历史传统、人工智能发展带动俄罗斯军事装备进步、应对周边威胁和安全挑战的现实需要、俄乌冲突的外溢效应、世界主要军事强国着力发展以人工智能为代表的颠覆性技术。俄罗斯推动人工智能军事化造成以下三方面安全影响:第一,加深俄罗斯与美国及北约间的军备竞赛;第二,增加俄罗斯与美国及北约间意外战争的爆发风险;第三,从内外两方面冲击战争伦理,包括推动战争从迫不得已的手段逐步转变为优先尝试甚至是第一选择的手段,判断发动或参与战争的责任主体日趋模糊化,加深区域性人道主义灾难。未来,俄可能通过内外兼顾的方式推进人工智能军事化的发展与应用,但受到西方国家对俄技术封锁、芯片技术落后、人才流失等因素掣肘,俄罗斯人工智能军事化的发展仍面临严峻挑战。Russia's new developments in the militarization of artificial intelligence are mainly reflected in the following five areas:first,constructing a development strategy system for military artificial intelligence at the national level;second,establishing and improving military artificial intelligence management institutions;third,developing military artificial intelligence projects;fourth,promoting the practical application of military artificial intelligence projects;and fifth,strengthening military artificial intelligence cooperation with long-term allies and partners.Russia attaches great importance to the development of the militarization of artificial intelligence mainly for the following five reasons:Russia has a historical tradition of attaching importance to military technology;the development of artificial intelligence has driven progress in Russian military equipment;the practical need to respond to surrounding threats and security challenges;the‘spillover'effect of the Russia-Ukraine conflict;and the world's major military powers are focusing on the development of disruptive technologies represented by artificial intelligence.Russia's emphasis on the militarization of artificial intelligence has three key security implications:first,it deepens the arms race between Russia and the United States and NATO;second,it increases the risk of an outbreak of‘accidental war'between Russia and the United States and NATO;and third,it impacts the ethics of war from both internal and external perspectives,including the gradual transformation of war from a last resort to a preferred or even first option,the increasingly ambiguous determination of the responsible party for initiating or participating in war,and the deepening of humanitarian disasters in the region.In the future,Russia will promote the development and application of the militarization of artificial intelligence through an‘inside-outside'approach.However,the country is still facing severe challenges due to factors such as the technological blockade im

关 键 词：人工智能军事化 军用机器人 俄乌冲突 战争伦理 

分 类 号：TP1[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]