水环境中微塑料赋存行为与潜在风险研究进展  

Study on the occurrence behavior and potential risk of microplastics in water environment

作　　者：高婷婷 鹿颜庆 张洛红[1] 敖东 GAO Tingting;LU Yanqing;ZHANG Luohong;AO Dong(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Xi’an Polytechnic University,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《西安工程大学学报》2025年第1期129-140,共12页Journal of Xi’an Polytechnic University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42275084);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2020JQ-835);陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(21JK0665)。

摘　　要：每年有大量废弃塑料被排放到水环境中,这些废弃塑料通过不同途径分裂成粒径小于5 mm的微塑料。作为新兴污染物,微塑料因其粒径小、难降解等特点引起了学术界的高度关注。针对不同地区水环境中微塑料的分布和污染情况进行综述,并重点介绍了微塑料对水环境和水生生物的毒理学影响、微塑料在食物链中的传递和对人类健康的潜在风险。研究表明,微塑料的污染程度与周围环境及人类活动密切相关,且微塑料能将环境中的有机污染物、重金属和病原体富集起来,并对其产生携带和庇护效应,进而对水生态环境和潜在接触人群健康造成不利影响。在此基础上,针对微塑料对生态环境和人类健康的潜在风险研究提出了建议。A large number of waste plastics are discharged into the water environment every year.The waste plastics discharged into the water environment are divided into microplastics with particle size<5 mm through different ways.As an emerging pollutants,microplastics have attracted high attention from the academic community due to their small size and resistance to degradation.Summarizes the distribution and pollution of microplastics in the water environment in different regions,and key introduces the toxicological effects of microplastics on the water environment and aquatic organisms,the transmission of microplastics in the food chain,and the potential risks to human health.Studies have shown that the degree of microplastics pollution is closely related to the surrounding environment and human activities.Microplastics can enrich organic pollutants,heavy metals,and pathogens in the environment,and have carrying and shelter effects on them,which will adversely affect the aquatic environment and the health of potential exposed people,as well as the health of the food chain and aquatic ecosystem.Based on this,recommendations are made for research into the potential risks of microplastics to the ecological environment and human health.

关 键 词：微塑料污染 水环境 毒理学 人体健康 环境风险 

分 类 号：X131.2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]