基于健康生态学模型的中国女性老年人群抑郁症状影响因素研究  

The Influencing Factors of Depression Symptoms in the Chinese Female Elderly Population Based on Health Ecology Models

作　　者：张滢 姜欣彤 王萍玉[1] ZHANG Ying;JIANG Xintong;WANG Pingyu(Department of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Binzhou Medical University,Yantai 264003,China)

机构地区：[1]滨州医学院公共卫生学院流行病学教研室,山东省烟台市264003

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2025年第13期1595-1600,共6页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81772281)。

摘　　要：背景我国老年人口基数庞大且增长迅速,抑郁是老年人群常见的情绪障碍和心理健康问题,而女性老年人群的心理健康问题日益成为社会关注的焦点。目的基于健康生态学模型多层次、全方位探讨女性老年人群抑郁症状的影响因素,为识别及干预中国女性老年人群的抑郁症状提供理论依据。方法于2024年1月提取中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2020年调查数据,选取≥60岁女性老年人群为研究对象(n=4594)。基于健康生态学模型将影响因素分为个人特征层、行为特征层、人际网络层、生活和工作条件层、政策环境层5个层面,采用χ2检验和二分类Logistic回归模型探讨抑郁症状的影响因素,并建立中国女性老年人群抑郁症状健康生态学模型。结果中国女性老年人群抑郁症状检出率为48.06%(2208/4594)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥80岁(OR=0.601,95%CI=0.449~0.804)、睡眠时间≥6 h(OR=0.561,95%CI=0.493~0.639)、对生活满意(OR=0.256,95%CI=0.199~0.330)、自评身体健康状况好(OR=0.459,95%CI=0.395~0.533)、城市户口(OR=0.717,95%CI=0.603~0.853)、对子女满意(OR=0.666,95%CI=0.472~0.940)、受教育程度为初中及以上(OR=0.712,95%CI=0.582~0.871)、家庭收入>5万元(OR=0.822,95%CI=0.704~0.959)、所在城市人均国内生产总值(GDP)为5万~10万元(OR=0.841,95%CI=0.730~0.970)是中国女性老年人群发生抑郁症状的保护因素(P<0.05);已失能(OR=1.786,95%CI=1.556~2.050)、患慢性病(OR=1.159,95%CI=1.014~1.324)、中部地区(OR=1.298,95%CI=1.107~1.522)和西部地区(OR=1.407,95%CI=1.183~1.675)是中国女性老年人群发生抑郁症状的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论中国女性老年人群抑郁症状检出率较高,影响因素较多,包括个人特征层的年龄,行为特征层的睡眠时间、对生活满意度、自评身体健康情况、失能情况、慢性病情况,人际网络层的户口类型、对子女满意度、地理分布,生活和工作条件层的受教Background The elderly population in our country is large and growing rapidly,and depression is a common emotional disorder and mental health problem among the elderly population.The mental health of the female elderly population is increasingly becoming a focus of social concern.Objective To explore the influencing factors of depression symptoms in the female elderly population from a multi-level and comprehensive perspective of health ecology,and provide theoretical basis for identifying and intervening in depression symptoms in the elderly female population in China.Methods In January 2024,we extracted for the 2020 survey data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey(CHARLS),and a group of female elderly adults aged 60 years and above were selected for the study(n=4594).Based on the health ecology model,the influencing factors were divided into five levels:personal characteristics layer,behavioural characteristics layer,interpersonal network layer,living and working conditions layer,and policy environment layer.Theχ2 test and binary Logistic regression model were used to explore the influencing factors of depression symptoms and to establish a health ecology model of depression symptoms in the Chinese female elderly population.Results The detection rate of depression symptoms in the Chinese female elderly population was 48.06%(2208/4595).Logistic regression analysis showed that age of≥80 years(OR=0.601,95%CI=0.449-0.804),sleep duration of≥6 h(OR=0.561,95%CI=0.493-0.639),satisfaction with life(OR=0.256,95%CI=0.199-0.330),better self-rated physical health(OR=0.459,95%CI=0.395-0.533),urban household registration(OR=0.717,95%CI=0.603-0.853),satisfaction with children(OR=0.666,95%CI=0.472-0.940),education level of junior high school and above(OR=0.712,95%CI=0.582-0.871),family income>50000 yuan(OR=0.822,95%CI=0.704-0.959)and the per capita GDP of the city is 50000 to 100000 yuan(OR=0.841,95%CI=0.730-0.970)were the protective factors for the development of depression symptoms in the Chinese fema

关 键 词：抑郁 健康生态学模型 老年人 女性 患病率 影响因素研究 

分 类 号：R749.42[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]