论“肉袒”的语义及其理据  

The Semantic Meaning and Motivation of Routan(肉袒)

作　　者：李聪 张祎昀 Li Cong;Zhang Yiyun(Peking University;Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言文学系 [2]北京师范大学民俗典籍文字研究中心

出　　处：《励耘语言学刊》2023年第2期1-11,共11页

摘　　要：“肉袒”指除去衣服裸露身体,出现于祭祀、投降、请罪等情境,有自辱、示卑的特征。基于上古汉语中“肉”的词义表现、“肉”作状语的其他用法和古人对“牲肉”的认识,结合“肉袒”与上古汉语中其他表示“裸露身体”的语言形式之间的差异,本文认为:“肉袒”的语义是“像牲肉一样呈现(自己的身体)”;其理据来源则是祭祀情境中祭祀者与牲肉之间的隐喻关系。随着“肉袒”对原始语境的脱离和“肉”的词义泛化,“肉袒”的理据逐渐丧失,成为习用的词汇形式,使其语义结构容易被分析为“袒露自己的身体”。“Routan”(肉袒)is the act of removing clothes and exposing the body,can be used in the context of sacrifice,surrender,and sin,and is characterized by self-abasement and self-humiliation.Based on the semantic expression of“rou”(肉)in Archaic Chinese,other adverbial uses of“rou”(肉),and the understanding of“rou”(肉)in sacrificial rituals,combine the differences between“routan”(肉袒)and other language forms expressing“naked body”in Archaic Chinese,this paper concludes that The semantic meaning of“routan”(肉袒)is“presenting(one's own body)like animal meat”,and its motivation comes from the metaphorical relationship between the sacrificial priest and animal meat in the sacrificial situation.With the disengagement of“routan”(肉袒)from its original context and the generalization of the lexical meaning of“rou”(肉),“routan”(肉袒)gradually lost its motivation and became an idiomatic lexical form,making its semantic structure easy to be analyzed“to bare one's body”.

关 键 词：肉袒 理据 语义结构 名词作状语 祭祀 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语] H141