海南春季燕窝果花和果实的生长发育规律研究  

Growth and development characteristics of the flower and fruit of Hylocereus megalanthus

作　　者：程玉 谢占 朱果果 谭朝龙 羊壮家 魏明 汤华 CHENG Yu;XIE Zhan;ZHU Guoguo;TAN Chaolong;YANG Zhuangjia;WEI Ming;TANG Hua(Shenzhen Wugu Network Technology Co.Ltd.,Shenzhen,Guangdong,518000,China;School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan,570228,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市五谷网络科技有限公司,广东深圳518000 [2]海南大学热带农林学院,海口570228

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第1期88-91,共4页South China Fruits

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(320RC487);海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2021014)资助。

摘　　要：为探究燕窝果生殖生长发育规律,以厄瓜多尔燕窝果为试材,测定比较不同时期花长度、果实纵横径,测定成熟果实果肉可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C、可溶性蛋白、氮、磷、钾、钙含量。结果表明,春夏季节,海南省东方市燕窝果花的生育期为35 d,整体呈现出“慢—快—慢”的生长模式,开花时花蕾长度250~310 mm,均值279.25 mm。果实生育期80 d,整体呈现出“快—慢—平稳”的生长模式,横径变化趋势较纵径缓慢。开花后25 d内,果实增长较快;开花后25~40 d,种子逐步形成至种皮变黑;开花后45 d,果肉逐渐由纯白色向清亮转变;果形指数由最初的1.38增加至1.42,成熟果实长形。果实成熟时,可溶性固形物含量19.48%,可滴定酸含量0.32%,维生素C含量4.66 mg/g,可溶性蛋白含量1.96 mg/g,固酸比60.88。果肉氮∶磷∶钾∶钙为1∶0.15∶4.05∶1.19,果皮氮∶磷∶钾∶钙为1∶0.38∶7.10∶0.25。说明燕窝果果实风味较好,且是喜钾型作物,对钾元素的需求较高。In order to explore the reproductive growth and development of Hylocereus megalanthus,H.megalanthus was used as the experimental material,and the length of flowers and the longitudinal and transverse diameters of fruits at different development stages were measured and compared,and the contents of soluble solids,titratable acidity,vitamin C,soluble protein,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and calcium of the pulp of mature fruits were determined.The results showed that in spring-summer season,the growth period of H.megalanthus flower was 35 days,showing an overall growth pattern of slow-fast-slow.The length of the flower bud at flowering was between 250-310 mm,with an average of 279.25 mm.The growth period of H.megalanthus fruit was 80 days,showing a growth pattern of fast-slow-stable,with a slower change in fruit transverse diameter compared to longitudinal diameter.Within 25 days after flowering,the fruits grew rapidly.Within 25-40 days after flowering,the seeds gradually formed until the seed coat turned black.At 45 days after flowering,the flesh of the fruit gradually changed from pure white to clear.The fruit shape index increased from 1.38 to 1.42,and the mature fruits were long.When fruit was ripe,the soluble solid content was 19.48%,with the titratable acid content of 0.32%,the vitamin C content of 4.66 mg/g,the soluble protein content of 1.96 mg/g,and the solid-acid ratio of 60.86.The ration of N:P:K:Ca in the flesh and peel was 1:0.15:4.05:1.19 and 1:0.38:7.10:0.25,respectively,indicating that the fruit of the H.megalanthus has a good flavor and the H.megalanthus is a potassium-loving crop with a high demand for potassium.

关 键 词：燕窝果 果实 花苞 可溶性固形物 钾 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]