“网上”+生物发酵床养羊应用效果研究  

Application effect of goat raising on the slatted floor over biological fermentation bed

作　　者：陈利 李朝波 王相金 张烁 何本榤 黎芷欣 占思远 CHEN Li;LI Chaobo;WANG Xiangjin;ZHANG Shuo;HE Benjie;LI Zhixin;ZHAN Siyuan(Guizhou Vocational College of Agriculture,Guiyang 551400,China;Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州农业职业学院,贵州贵阳551400 [2]四川农业大学畜禽遗传资源发掘与创新利用四川省重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《黑龙江动物繁殖》2025年第1期46-51,56,共7页Heilongjiang journal of animal reproduction

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600703)。

摘　　要：为了探索实际生产中“网上”+生物发酵床养羊模式较传统规模化养殖及农户养殖的优势,试验测定了“网上”+生物发酵床养羊模式下不同厚度发酵床(30,50,60,80 cm)在不同时间段不同垫料深度下的发酵温度及对应时间段羊舍内外温度,以找到生物发酵床养羊的最佳发酵床厚度;试验也测定了最佳发酵床厚度下的“网上”+生物发酵床养羊模式更换垫料前后、传统规模化养羊场和农户养殖三种模式下的NH_(3)、H_(2)S和CO_(2)含量,同时以圈舍500 m外环境三种气体含量作为基础对照。结果表明:“网上”+生物发酵床模式下发酵床垫料厚度为30 cm时,不同厚度下的发酵温度均在30.4℃以下,与羊舍内外环境温度相差不大,基本未达到该场发酵菌种的最适生长温度(30~37℃),导致发酵菌不能大量繁殖,发酵效果差;当发酵床垫料厚度为50 cm时,仅25~35 cm的中间发酵垫料层适宜发酵菌生长,表层和接近地面层发酵温度偏低;当发酵床垫料厚度为60 cm时,发酵床温度维持在30~37℃,适宜有益发酵菌的生长繁殖,可更好地降解羊群粪尿,控制养殖污染;当发酵床垫料厚度为80 cm时,中间层的发酵温度偏高,不适宜发酵菌生长,且在实际生产中成本高,日常对垫料的管理强度大。“网上”+生物发酵床养羊模式下圈舍内NH_(3)和H_(2)S含量均低于传统规模化养殖和农户养殖(P<0.05或P>0.05),CO_(2)浓度在未更换垫料时高于传统规模化养羊场(P>0.05)和农户养殖(P<0.05),更换垫料后依然显著高于农户养殖模式(P<0.05),但低于传统规模化养殖(P>0.05)。说明采用“网上”+生物发酵床模式下发酵床垫料厚度以60 cm为宜,此时生物发酵床能够通过发酵菌对羊群粪尿进行有效分解,降低舍内NH_(3)和H_(2)S浓度,改善养殖环境的空气质量,但不能降低圈舍内CO_(2)浓度。To explore the advantages of goat raising on the slatted floor over biological fermentation bed compared with traditional large-scale breeding and farmer breeding in actual production,the experiment was to measure the fermentation temperature of different depth of fermentation beds with different thickness(30,50,60,80 cm)on the slatted floor over biological fermentation bed and to record the temperatures inside and outside the goat houses during varying time periods to determine the optimal thickness of the fermentation bed for biological fermentation bed goat breeding.Furthermore,the levels of NH_(3),H_(2)S,and CO_(2)before and after renewing bedding materials were measured on the slatted floor over biological fermentation bed under the optimal fermentation bed thickness and in traditional large-scale goat breeding farms and farmer breeding modes,using the measurements of NH_(3),H_(2)S,and CO_(2)levels measured in the spots of 500 meters away from the enclosure as a baseline control.The results showed that under the mode of goat breeding on the slatted floor over biological fermentation bed,the fermentation temperature in different depths of the thickness of the fermentation bedding of 30 cm was below 30.4℃,which was not significantly different from the ambient temperature inside and outside the goat house and did not reach the optimal growth temperature of 30-37℃for the fermentation strain of bacteria,leading to a poor fermentation efficiency.The fermentation temperature in different depths of the thickness of the fermentation bedding of 50 cm favored the middle layer between 25-35 cm for fermentation bacteria growth,while the surface and near-ground layers exhibited lower fermentation temperatures;the fermentation temperature in different depths of the thickness of the fermentation bedding of 60 cm was between 30-37℃,which was ideal for the growth and reproduction of beneficial fermentation bacteria and facilitated better degradation of goat feces and urine and thereby controlling livestock farming pollu

关 键 词：发酵床 养羊 垫料厚度 发酵温度 NH_(3) H_(2)S CO_(2) 

分 类 号：S826.4[农业科学—畜牧学]