基于虚拟防火墙的电化学储能系统热蔓延抑制策略  

VIRTUAL FIREWALL-BASED THERMAL SPREAD SUPPRESSION STRATEGY FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

作　　者：张小龙 孙承章 王旭 王林飞 杨国婧 徐睿婕 Zhang Xiaoong;Sun Chengzhang;Wang Xu;Wang Linfei;Yang Guojing;Xu Ruijie(China Three Gorges New Energy(Group)Co.,Ltd.Construction Management Branch,Beijing 101100,China;College of Energy and Power Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China)

机构地区：[1]中国三峡新能源(集团)股份有限公司建设管理分公司,北京101100 [2]内蒙古工业大学能源与动力工程学院,呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《太阳能学报》2025年第2期41-51,共11页Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica

基　　金：中国三峡新能源(集团)股份有限公司资助项目(15031399)。

摘　　要：为减小传统灭火剂消防压力,抑制储能电站热失控的发生和蔓延,针对目前普遍使用的储能舱消防系统,提出一种基于虚拟防火墙联合采样点卡尔曼滤波算法和模型预测控制算法的快速放电策略。首先,制定基于虚拟防火墙的电池分级预警策略,依据电池舱内的气体浓度、温度、荷电状态、温升速率等特征参数情况对电池舱各阶段所需做出的防火动作进行分级并对电池前期预警及后期安全防护进行说明。其次,基于电池热电耦合模型,通过对比扩展卡尔曼滤波算法与采样点卡尔曼滤波算法的估计效果,可得采样点卡尔曼滤波算法可有效提高电池SOC及温度估计精度。最后,根据状态空间方程制定模型预测最优控制联合采样点卡尔曼滤波算法,对电池电流、电压、温度、荷电状态设置显性约束,达到锂电池快速放电的效果,仿真结果表明所提策略可提高系统内部变参数的估计精度,减小热失控灾害风险。To reduce the fire-fighting pressure of the traditional extinguishant and inhibit the occurrence and spread of thermal runaway in energy storage power stations,a fast discharge strategy based on the virtual firewall joint sampling point Kalman filtering algorithm and model predictive control algorithm is proposed for the energy storage compartment fire-fighting system that is commonly used nowadays.Firstly,the battery hierarchical warning strategy is utilized to illustrate the pre-warning and post-safety protection of the battery.Secondly,based on the battery thermoelectric coupling model,the temperature and SOC inside the battery are estimated using the extended Kalman filter algorithm and the sampling point Kalman filter algorithm.Finally,the model predictive optimal control joint sampling point Kalman filter algorithm is formulated based on the state space equations,and the explicit constraints are set on the battery current,voltage,temperature,and SOC to achieve the effect of fast discharge of lithium battery.The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can improve the estimation accuracy of the internal variable parameters of the system and reduce the risk of thermal runaway disasters.

关 键 词：储能电站 模型预测控制 磷酸铁锂电池 电池电量估计 热蔓延 等效电路模型 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]